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我國秸稈綜合利用推進工作如火如荼

2018-07-13 14:12:21 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：38532 評論

導讀：據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部消息，2016年以來，全國已有12省(區(qū))開展了秸稈綜合利用試點。2017年，全國秸稈綜合利用率達82%，基本形成肥料化利用為主，飼料化、燃料化穩(wěn)步推進，基料化、原料化為輔的綜合利用格局。

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】 據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部消息，2016年以來，全國已有12省(區(qū))開展了秸稈綜合利用試點。2017年，全國秸稈綜合利用率達82%，基本形成肥料化利用為主，飼料化、燃料化穩(wěn)步推進，基料化、原料化為輔的綜合利用格局。
 
　　2018年，全國秸稈粉碎還田機保有量達到85.6萬臺、秸稈撿拾打捆機保有量4.68萬臺，秸稈還田面積7.43億畝，撿拾打捆面積0.88億畝。吉林、河北、江蘇等地也不斷加大配套政策的創(chuàng)設力度，為秸稈綜合利用提供了強有力的政策保障。
 
　　吉林：大力推廣實施秸稈覆蓋還田保護性耕作制度
 
　　為落實吉林省委省政府有關安排部署，7月10日，吉林省農(nóng)委與省財政廳在雙遼市共同舉辦全省秸稈覆蓋還田保護性耕作培訓班，總結(jié)秸稈覆蓋還田保護性耕作的工作成效，交流典型經(jīng)驗，示范推廣耕作裝備和模式，安排部署下步工作。
 
　　近年來，吉林省堅持以加強黑土地保護、蓄水保墑、節(jié)本增效和防治水土流失為目標，突出試驗示范、典型引路、政策引導和項目帶動，大力推廣秸稈覆蓋還田保護性耕作技術，不斷擴大實施范圍和作業(yè)面積。截至2017年末，秸稈覆蓋還田保護性耕作由2007年的5個市(州)擴展到9個市(州)全覆蓋；由9個縣份擴展到46個縣份；由42萬畝擴展到560萬畝，增長13倍。
 
　　會議提出，到2025年，在全省基本形成以秸稈直接還田利用與耕地保護相結(jié)合的種植生態(tài)化耕作制度，形成耕地質(zhì)量、耕作效益、耕作生態(tài)“綠色增長”的推進機制。從2019年起，吉林省將適當擴大補貼資金規(guī)模、提升補貼標準、擴大補貼實施范圍，努力滿足各地開展秸稈覆蓋還田保護性耕作的需要。繼續(xù)將保護性耕作機具納入農(nóng)機購置補貼范圍，滿足廣大農(nóng)民群眾對保護性耕作機具的購置需求。
 
　　河北：資源化利用率達96.8%
 
　　河北省通過秸稈肥料化利用、飼料化利用、能源化利用、基料化利用和原料化利用五化并舉，變廢為寶，目前秸稈綜合利用水平已居*列。2017年，全省秸稈可收集量約為5842萬噸，資源化利用5656萬噸，利用率達到96.8%。
 
　　據(jù)了解，河北省各地通過組織實施耕地保護與質(zhì)量提升行動，鼓勵支持農(nóng)民應用秸稈粉碎還田、溫室挖溝還田、堆漚還田等腐熟技術，促進秸稈資源化利用。農(nóng)機購置補貼也向秸稈綜合利用機械重點傾斜，2017年全省新增秸稈還田機具3871臺套，秸稈綜合利用機械保有量達到12萬臺。在秸稈綜合利用和禁燒重點區(qū)域，對享有補貼資金的機具開展統(tǒng)一組織調(diào)配、統(tǒng)一地塊安排、統(tǒng)一收費標準、統(tǒng)一配件供應的全程服務。2017年，河北省秸稈肥料化利用率大大提升，已占利用量的69.8%。同時，全省各地著力推廣帶穗青貯、添加劑青貯和秸稈壓塊打捆等技術。
 
　　此外，河北省以國家“糧改飼”試點項目為，推進種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，提高全株青貯應用比例，去年共爭取中央“糧改飼”資金2.08億元，補貼作物面積104萬畝。
 
　　江蘇：秸稈綜合利用助農(nóng)民增收
 
　　江蘇省睢寧縣是農(nóng)業(yè)大縣，年產(chǎn)9.3億公斤糧食，同時也產(chǎn)生90余萬噸農(nóng)作物秸稈。2017年，全縣秸稈綜合利用率達95%，全縣收儲利用企業(yè)30余家，從事秸稈收儲利用社會化服務組織40余家，年收儲利用秸稈萬噸以上的10家。秸稈收儲直接增加農(nóng)民收入1280萬元，帶動農(nóng)村低收入1300戶，戶均增收800元。
 
　　在睢寧官山鎮(zhèn)秸稈收儲中心，官山鎮(zhèn)政府將全鎮(zhèn)小麥秸稈集中存儲、統(tǒng)一看管，根據(jù)市場行情及企業(yè)需要出售給企業(yè)。通過該項目運作，不僅可以徹底解決秸稈露天焚燒和亂拋亂放的隱患，全鎮(zhèn)24個村每年可增加集體經(jīng)濟收入25萬元，低收入農(nóng)戶通過融資利息差每年每戶可增加收入1500元。
 
　　結(jié)語
 
　　秸稈綜合利用是促進農(nóng)民增收就業(yè)的重要途徑，同時也是推進農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展的重要舉措。“與發(fā)達國家相比，我國秸稈綜合利用仍處于初級階段，產(chǎn)業(yè)化程度低，技術基礎相對薄弱。”農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部科技教育司副司長李波說，在推進秸稈綜合利用過程中，需要進一步加強科技創(chuàng)新，不斷擴大技術應用范圍，為生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)注入新活力。
 
　　本文由中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：吉林省農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟信息中心、河北省農(nóng)業(yè)廳、農(nóng)民日報、中國秸稈網(wǎng)，如有侵權或異議請聯(lián)系我們。

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