“利奇馬”臺(tái)風(fēng)過后加強(qiáng)蔬菜生產(chǎn)管理技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見

2019-08-14 08:40:38 來源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部新聞辦公室 閱讀量：13980 評(píng)論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 今年第9號(hào)臺(tái)風(fēng)“利奇馬”8月10日在我國(guó)浙江登陸，浙江、江蘇、山東等地出現(xiàn)大風(fēng)、暴雨天氣，造成大面積菜田積水，部分菜田發(fā)生澇災(zāi)，局部地區(qū)蔬菜設(shè)施淹水，對(duì)當(dāng)前蔬菜生產(chǎn)造成不利影響。各地要結(jié)合蔬菜生產(chǎn)實(shí)際，加強(qiáng)技術(shù)指導(dǎo)，采取有效措施，降低災(zāi)害損失，盡快恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)。
 
　　一是及時(shí)排澇降漬。臺(tái)風(fēng)暴雨過后，要及時(shí)清溝理墑，快速排除積水，減少淹漬時(shí)間，防止長(zhǎng)時(shí)間積水和雨水倒灌造成蔬菜植株?duì)€根。設(shè)施內(nèi)積水的，要趕快把積水抽走，并利用棚前溝或新挖棚前溝，集中排水。
 
　　二是加強(qiáng)土壤管理。田間積水排掉后，及時(shí)澆灌一遍清水，為根系提供氧氣，即“澇澆園”。同時(shí)，及時(shí)進(jìn)行土壤表層松土，打破土壤板結(jié)，改善通氣性，注意松土不要過深。排水過后，土壤中病菌較多，土壤通透性較差，為防止植株在后面的生長(zhǎng)過程中出現(xiàn)死棵現(xiàn)象，可選用防治根腐病及枯萎病或軟腐病的藥劑進(jìn)行灌根或沖施。對(duì)洪水浸泡時(shí)間過長(zhǎng)，不能恢復(fù)正常生長(zhǎng)，失去搶救價(jià)值的菜地，應(yīng)及時(shí)拉秧清園，并進(jìn)行土壤消毒，減少土壤中的病菌滋生蔓延。
 
　　三是做好植株整理。對(duì)于倒伏的蔬菜植株，要及時(shí)扶正、理順，重新綁好藤蔓，盡量不要損傷根系，并適時(shí)培土護(hù)根。要清除病株、病葉、老葉等，適當(dāng)剪枝、打葉。淹水后遇到晴天，應(yīng)覆蓋遮陽(yáng)網(wǎng)等進(jìn)行遮陰，減少水分蒸騰，防止因缺氧根系吸水功能下降導(dǎo)致的植株萎蔫。如蔬菜植株及葉片上面有較多的泥水，影響植株正常光合作用時(shí)，要及時(shí)清洗干凈，可用噴霧器進(jìn)行清洗，覆著較多的葉片可多次連續(xù)沖洗。
 
　　四是強(qiáng)化施肥管理。土壤經(jīng)過雨水浸泡后，會(huì)出現(xiàn)肥料隨水流失的情況，導(dǎo)致土壤肥力降低，為避免出現(xiàn)植株?duì)I養(yǎng)不足，應(yīng)少量多次施用肥料，并增加生物菌以活化土壤，同時(shí)輔以葉面追肥，如噴施磷酸二氫鉀等。若葉片出現(xiàn)缺鈣癥狀時(shí)，可葉面噴施0.5%的氯化鈣水溶液2-3次，每次間隔7-10天。出現(xiàn)缺鐵癥狀時(shí)，可葉面噴施0.2%-0.5%的硫酸亞鐵或0.5%氨基酸鐵水溶液，間隔7-10天1次，連噴2-3次。對(duì)于已經(jīng)施好底肥準(zhǔn)備定植的菜田，建議重施底肥，并加施生物菌肥，進(jìn)行深翻，以保證隨后定植蔬菜正常生長(zhǎng)。
 
　　五是加強(qiáng)病害防治。要注意防治霜霉病、疫病等高濕性病害，蔓枯病、炭疽病等葉斑類病害，以及角斑病、瘡痂病等細(xì)菌性病害?？舍槍?duì)不同的病害選用預(yù)防和治療性殺菌劑混配應(yīng)用，用藥濃度切忌過高，引起病害。
 
　　(農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部蔬菜專家指導(dǎo)組 全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心)

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