吉林榆樹發(fā)布2020年秋收工作指導意見

2020-09-17 10:12:58 來源：吉林省長春市農業(yè)農村局 閱讀量：17836 評論

　　【農機網(wǎng) 地方農機】 近期，吉林省榆樹市先后遭受臺風“巴威”、“美莎克”、“海神”三場臺風疊加侵襲，多地出現(xiàn)大風、暴雨天氣，部分鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)持續(xù)陰雨，造成玉米倒伏彎折，田間出現(xiàn)積水。目前，玉米已進入蠟熟后期，產量基本定型，但持續(xù)陰雨、田間積水、倒伏莖折等災情容易導致病害嚴重發(fā)生、籽粒脫水變慢、果穗霉變發(fā)芽、收獲難度加大，造成產量損失和品質下降。為科學應對臺風暴雨災害及次生災害對農業(yè)生產造成的影響，加快抗災救災和促進恢復生產，特提出秋收工作指導意見。
 
　　1、強化組織領導。各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)街要高度重視臺風對農業(yè)生產造成的不利影響，毫不放松地抓好災后恢復生產工作，切實加大組織領導和工作推力，派出工作指導服務組，深入受災村屯開展指導服務工作，動員干部和群眾迅速開展抗災自救，全力降低災害損失。采取切實可行的包保措施，有效解決貧困戶秋收生產困難，確保貧困戶不減收。
 
　　2、及時查田排澇。當務之急要加強田間排水，采取挖排水溝和機械強排，在短時間內排除田間積水，提高土壤通透性，促進根系和植株恢復生長。增加倒伏玉米的通風透光性。水稻田間積水較深的地塊，及時排水，適當請曬后保持濕潤狀態(tài)。
 
　　3、分類管理促恢復。對植株傾斜、未完全倒伏且沒有相互疊加的地塊，盡量維持現(xiàn)狀，依靠自身能力恢復生長。對植株完全倒伏、莖稈未折斷的田塊，根據(jù)實際情況及早墊扶果穗，防止果穗貼地或相互疊壓發(fā)芽霉變。
 
　　4、強化監(jiān)測控病蟲。臺風和陰雨天氣，玉米穗腐病、大斑病容易加重發(fā)生，草地貪夜蛾可能進一步擴散，要強化監(jiān)測，做好防控。倒伏嚴重地塊，褐家鼠、黑線倉鼠、大倉鼠等田間鼠害易加重發(fā)生，可選擇抗凝血殺鼠劑與玉米配置成毒餌，在田間相對干燥的地方采用一次性飽和投餌法投放進行防控。
 
　　5、預防早霜促早熟。災害發(fā)生后，玉米植株受損，生育期往往延遲，增加了遭受低溫冷害和早霜的風險，要著力促進玉米早熟?？蛇m當采取后期站桿扒皮等措施，促進灌漿和安全成熟。
 
　　6、加快對玉米收獲機割臺改裝。針對臺風造成玉米大面積倒伏，給機械帶來一定難度，為提高秋季機械作業(yè)效率和作業(yè)質量，各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)街要加快對玉米收獲機械進行改裝，落實長春市應對玉米倒伏收獲機械割臺改裝補貼政策。實行分片包保，指導農機戶進行機械改裝和秋收機械作業(yè)。
 
　　7、適時組織開展秋收。今年秋收工作，總的原則是堅持不誤農時，實時晚收，提高玉米成熟度和品質，努力做到顆粒歸倉。具體根據(jù)氣象條件和不同地塊作物長勢，因地制宜，適時開展秋收工作：一是對于內澇嚴重，造成莖稈死亡的地塊，具備進地條件時，馬上組織搶收；二是對于農機大戶，由于種植面積大，收獲進度比常年慢，鼓勵秋分之后盡早秋收，在秋霜之后適時秋收。
 
　　8、指導農民科學儲糧。各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)街要指導農民做好倉儲設施準備，在玉米收貨后，對水分大的玉米要進行晾曬，預防受潮發(fā)生霉變。要堅決消滅“地趴糧”，及時上架子、裝倉子，引導農民對于玉米按品質分類儲存，避免因混收、混儲降低糧食等級，造成經(jīng)濟損失。水稻等作物也要視情況及時倒垛晾曬，降低糧食水分，安全存放。

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