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【農(nóng)技指導(dǎo)】暴雪低溫等極端天氣下的飼草料供給應(yīng)對(duì)措施

2024-11-25 10:16:57 來源：通遼市農(nóng)牧業(yè)發(fā)展中心 閱讀量：5833 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：飼草料是牲畜生長(zhǎng)、發(fā)育、繁殖的必需物質(zhì)，是冬季牲畜攝取營(yíng)養(yǎng)的主要來源，為減少飼草料短缺對(duì)牲畜越冬造成影響，通遼市農(nóng)牧業(yè)發(fā)展中心提醒廣大養(yǎng)殖戶要做好以下措施。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 根據(jù)最新的氣象資料顯示，我市將迎入冬以來首場(chǎng)大范圍雨雪天氣，雪災(zāi)會(huì)影響飼草料供應(yīng)，飼草料是牲畜生長(zhǎng)、發(fā)育、繁殖的必需物質(zhì)，是冬季牲畜攝取營(yíng)養(yǎng)的主要來源。為減少飼草料短缺對(duì)牲畜越冬造成影響，通遼市農(nóng)牧業(yè)發(fā)展中心提醒廣大養(yǎng)殖戶要做好以下措施：
 
　　一、加固和修繕草棚等建筑設(shè)施‍
 
　　立即對(duì)干草棚、精料庫(kù)等建筑設(shè)施進(jìn)行全面巡查，對(duì)存在隱患設(shè)施做好加固。雪后及時(shí)清理積雪，減少承重，防止發(fā)生坍塌造成損失。高危棚舍立即停止使用，盡快轉(zhuǎn)出草料。對(duì)嚴(yán)重積雪的屋頂，降雪后，及時(shí)組織人員進(jìn)行清理。危險(xiǎn)建筑區(qū)域設(shè)置臨時(shí)安全警示牌，同時(shí)通知相關(guān)人員。
 
　　二、做好飼草料儲(chǔ)備工作
 
　　雪后由于交通運(yùn)輸不便，容易造成飼草料短缺和價(jià)格上漲，因此有組織、有規(guī)模、有計(jì)劃、有機(jī)制的粗飼料儲(chǔ)備能有效提高養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)(戶)抵御自然災(zāi)害的能力。根據(jù)畜群數(shù)量，暴雪嚴(yán)寒來臨前至少儲(chǔ)備一個(gè)月的飼料飼草，牛羊建議粗飼料以青貯為主，精飼料為玉米、豆粕為主，同時(shí)保證礦物質(zhì)的添加。在飼草料儲(chǔ)備期間，要按照相關(guān)要求做好飼草料防水、防潮工作，以防發(fā)霉變質(zhì)，對(duì)養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)造成嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。
 
　　三、含水量較高的粗飼料的管理‍
 
　　在青貯玉米的制作過程中，采用夾層封窖技術(shù)，即青貯封窖時(shí)，先覆蓋一層青貯專用膜，中間夾層覆蓋草簾和毛氈，最后覆蓋一層塑料膜，杜絕或減少凍層，飼料取用要做到現(xiàn)取、現(xiàn)喂，以防結(jié)冰。
 
　　四、保障牲畜的營(yíng)養(yǎng)需求和飼料質(zhì)量
 
　　暴雪等極端天氣發(fā)生后，要及時(shí)調(diào)整日糧營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分和采食量，適當(dāng)增加精料供給量，同時(shí)增加礦物質(zhì)和維生素的供給。寒冷季節(jié)牲畜易缺乏維生素A和維生素E，要重視這兩種維生素的添加，也可以通過補(bǔ)喂胡蘿卜和優(yōu)質(zhì)豆科牧草的方式來補(bǔ)充維生素的不足。采用TMR飼喂技術(shù)的養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)，建議適當(dāng)下調(diào)TMR日糧的含水量，并要做到少添、勤添，以防凍結(jié)，避免牲畜消化系統(tǒng)疾病及流產(chǎn)的發(fā)生。

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