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農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展 “電力能源”不可或缺

2017-12-25 14:21:56 來源:中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量:47865 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀:近日,農(nóng)業(yè)部聯(lián)合農(nóng)業(yè)銀行大力推進(jìn)金融支持農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展工作。農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展是農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革的主攻方向,也是實(shí)施“五位一體”總體布局的具體體現(xiàn)。

  【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】近日,農(nóng)業(yè)部聯(lián)合農(nóng)業(yè)銀行大力推進(jìn)金融支持農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展工作。農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展是農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革的主攻方向,也是實(shí)施“五位一體”總體布局的具體體現(xiàn)。
 
  《通知》要求,各級(jí)農(nóng)業(yè)部門和農(nóng)業(yè)銀行要以深化農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革為主線,尊重農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)律和市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律,堅(jiān)持政府引導(dǎo)、市場(chǎng)運(yùn)作,以農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新、農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染治理為重點(diǎn),加大信貸投放力度,支持一批符合農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展要求的企業(yè)項(xiàng)目。
 
  因此,綠色農(nóng)業(yè)在科學(xué)合理的使用水和土地等環(huán)境資源的同時(shí),對(duì)于農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的動(dòng)力使用也將是企業(yè)綠色發(fā)展的方向。
 

  電能對(duì)綠色農(nóng)業(yè)“大有裨益”
 
  現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械動(dòng)力的來源主要是柴油、汽油,即使是在國三取代國二,國四大力研發(fā)適應(yīng)的行業(yè)市場(chǎng)要求下,電力能源相比之下可以算是一種比較綠色的動(dòng)力來源了。
 
  有人說,以電為能源在機(jī)械的使用中,沒有柴油、汽油為能源的機(jī)械功率大。就如,在植保無人機(jī)市場(chǎng)中,存在電能、燃油兩種動(dòng)力來源。一直以來,這兩種動(dòng)力的植保無人機(jī)都在“battle”,電力載藥少、續(xù)航短;燃油成本高、不環(huán)保等等。
 
  但在我國機(jī)車的應(yīng)用中,電動(dòng)機(jī)車毫不遜色于內(nèi)燃機(jī)車。不管是內(nèi)燃機(jī)車還是電力機(jī)車,都要靠牽引電機(jī)來驅(qū)動(dòng)火車行使。我國的機(jī)車技術(shù)在世界上還是比較先進(jìn)的,一臺(tái)內(nèi)燃機(jī)運(yùn)行時(shí)可以拖動(dòng)幾百到幾千噸的火車。但由于內(nèi)燃機(jī)車柴油機(jī)的功率限制,而電力機(jī)車本身不帶原動(dòng)機(jī),裝有大功率變壓器和牽引電機(jī),靠接受接觸網(wǎng)送來的電流作為能源,所以電力機(jī)車具有功率大、熱效率高、速度快、過載能力強(qiáng)和運(yùn)行可靠等主要優(yōu)點(diǎn),而且不污染環(huán)境。因此,電能完全可以作為一種綠色能源應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械。
 
  電能在農(nóng)業(yè)中“嶄露頭角”
 
  農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展,除了對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)本身的綠色保護(hù)之外,在農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的使用上也需要綠色發(fā)展。如,在科學(xué)施用化肥、飛防灑藥、灌溉等這些農(nóng)業(yè)綠色作業(yè)實(shí)施的過程中,對(duì)于農(nóng)業(yè)作業(yè)機(jī)械的推廣應(yīng)用也應(yīng)該符合綠色農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的要求,而農(nóng)業(yè)部與中國農(nóng)業(yè)銀行聯(lián)合的首要目的就是要以金融的方式支持這些綠色企業(yè)。
 
  糧食烘干機(jī)對(duì)于農(nóng)業(yè)來說,可謂是農(nóng)民擺脫看天曬糧的重要“幫手”。我國每年因霉變?cè)斐傻募Z食產(chǎn)后損失高達(dá)2100萬噸,占全國糧食總產(chǎn)量的4.2%左右,發(fā)展糧食烘干迫在眉睫。專家預(yù)測(cè),未來10年,烘干機(jī)有望迎來快速發(fā)展的黃金時(shí)期。但是,在綠色農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的大方向下,農(nóng)業(yè)烘干機(jī)在多樣性發(fā)展的同時(shí)急需一種綠色的動(dòng)力能源相配。近日,“以電代煤”的空氣源熱泵糧食烘干機(jī)在常州地區(qū)得到運(yùn)用。
 
  “以張新伢農(nóng)場(chǎng)的3臺(tái)烘干設(shè)備為例,一個(gè)豐收季共為村民們烘干糧食近500噸,燃燒標(biāo)煤16噸,煤炭開銷約1.5萬余元,值守加煤人工成本近萬元,共計(jì)2萬余元。而采用空氣源熱泵電烘干技術(shù),按農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)電價(jià)0.52元計(jì)算,24小時(shí)烘干一倉糧食預(yù)計(jì)用電860度,成本約430元。一季烘干500噸糧食僅需電費(fèi)8600元左右。”常州一供電所負(fù)責(zé)人這樣算一筆賬。
 
  采用空氣源熱泵機(jī)組代替燃煤、燃油熱風(fēng)爐,為糧食烘干塔提供熱源,不僅實(shí)現(xiàn)污染物零排放,還比燃油和燃煤烘干節(jié)能50%以上。這既保障了糧食品質(zhì),又促進(jìn)了農(nóng)戶節(jié)本增收、綠色發(fā)展。
 
  結(jié)語
 
  現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械電力驅(qū)動(dòng)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是力求簡化傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),使電動(dòng)機(jī)盡量接近工作機(jī)構(gòu),或在可能條件下將二者結(jié)合在一起,以提高機(jī)組的使用可靠性和適應(yīng)工藝過程自動(dòng)化的要求。
 
  從許多國家在農(nóng)業(yè)中應(yīng)用電能的歷史看,發(fā)展的過程是從解決照明用電和個(gè)別繁重作業(yè)的電氣化開始,逐步過渡到實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)工藝過程的綜合電氣機(jī)械化和推廣應(yīng)用自動(dòng)控制技術(shù),進(jìn)而發(fā)展到應(yīng)用電能實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的生產(chǎn)方式,組織專業(yè)化的農(nóng)牧業(yè)生產(chǎn),以大幅度提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量,減少勞動(dòng)消耗,從而獲得更高的綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。在美國、聯(lián)邦德國等國家,每個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力每年的平均用電量可高達(dá)3500~4500千瓦小時(shí)。
 
  此外,發(fā)展適于在農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境條件下使用的電動(dòng)機(jī)、控制保護(hù)電器和成套裝置系列也很受重視。
 
  中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)(m.tmpdc.cn)原創(chuàng),轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處。
 
  參考資料 : 農(nóng)業(yè)部,中國江蘇網(wǎng),互動(dòng)百科
 
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