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杭城要來(lái)一“雪”前恥 觀景同時(shí)更要做好農(nóng)業(yè)防護(hù)

2018-01-23 14:05:25 來(lái)源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量：46133 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：據(jù)杭州市氣象臺(tái)預(yù)計(jì)，2018年1月23日冷空氣駕到，大可能性是25日前后杭城會(huì)有降雪天氣出現(xiàn)。中國(guó)天氣網(wǎng)8-15天中長(zhǎng)期預(yù)報(bào)顯示，“杭州要連下8天雪”。

　　【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】據(jù)杭州市氣象臺(tái)預(yù)計(jì)，2018年1月23日冷空氣駕到，大可能性是25日前后杭城會(huì)有降雪天氣出現(xiàn)。中國(guó)天氣網(wǎng)8-15天中長(zhǎng)期預(yù)報(bào)顯示，“杭州要連下8天雪”。
 
　　什么？杭州要持續(xù)一周的降雪天氣？別說(shuō)是下8天雪，據(jù)市氣象臺(tái)統(tǒng)計(jì)，從歷*看，杭州連續(xù)3天以上出現(xiàn)降雪的次數(shù)都很少。面對(duì)許久不見(jiàn)的大雪，杭州各地也都在緊急部署保障農(nóng)作物安全過(guò)冬，那么風(fēng)雪天氣對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)到底有什么影響，農(nóng)民又該如何應(yīng)對(duì)呢？

 
　　降雪對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的影響
 
　　2018年1月上旬，我國(guó)中東部地區(qū)出現(xiàn)入冬以來(lái)大范圍雨雪降溫天氣過(guò)程?？偟目?，此次降水降溫利于冬麥區(qū)土壤補(bǔ)墑，緩解部分麥田表墑不足，增強(qiáng)小麥抗寒能力，對(duì)小麥安全越冬十分有利，但也造成局部晚播弱苗輕微受凍，局地暴雪易造成設(shè)施蔬菜大棚受損。
 
　　對(duì)于寧夏等中南部農(nóng)牧業(yè)地區(qū)，此次降雪有利于增加土壤水分，緩解了部分山區(qū)早期旱情，對(duì)中南部山區(qū)春小麥、豆類播種較為有利。此外，降雪有利于促進(jìn)冬小麥和多年生牧草正常返青。但降雪易造成灌區(qū)低洼地地表土壤濕度增加，不利于春播，延長(zhǎng)播種期，并易造成日光溫室、設(shè)施大棚等因積雪增重使棚膜受損或設(shè)施倒塌。
 
　　綜上可以看出，降雪對(duì)小麥、土豆等田間農(nóng)作物來(lái)說(shuō)大有裨益，但是對(duì)設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)造成的危害往往是嚴(yán)重的。1月上旬，渭南市出現(xiàn)一次強(qiáng)降雪天氣過(guò)程，降雪量大、時(shí)間集中，對(duì)設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)影響較大。據(jù)初步統(tǒng)計(jì)，全市設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)受災(zāi)近40782畝，直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失上億元。
 
　　杭州按照全省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展和人民生活多元化的需要，著力推進(jìn)綠色品種選育審定推廣，加強(qiáng)綠色產(chǎn)品的供給。其中，大棚蔬菜種植的農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施必不可缺。面對(duì)即將到來(lái)的風(fēng)雪天氣，菜農(nóng)要做好萬(wàn)全防護(hù)工作，以免措手不及。
 
　　面對(duì)風(fēng)雪 設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)防護(hù)工作需全面
 
　　?首先是增強(qiáng)防范意識(shí)。今年1月上旬的大雪，對(duì)于渭南來(lái)說(shuō)，可謂是十年不遇，雖然氣象部門、電視臺(tái)等媒體多次發(fā)布黃色暴雪預(yù)警，但都未能引起農(nóng)戶重視；并且對(duì)于大棚設(shè)施，多數(shù)農(nóng)戶也不注重日常維護(hù)，例如未及時(shí)更換老舊構(gòu)件、破損棚膜，未配備除雪工具和災(zāi)后棚體支撐工具等，防范意識(shí)淡薄。在杭州大雪還未到來(lái)之前，杭州農(nóng)戶不要抱有僥幸心理，一定要將設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)的防范工作做到全面。
 
　　?其次是大棚物理防護(hù)。在雨雪過(guò)程來(lái)臨前及時(shí)加固大棚，以免風(fēng)雪來(lái)臨鋼架大棚支撐力度不夠，壓塌大棚；同時(shí)還要做好大棚溫濕管理工作，當(dāng)室外溫度低時(shí)，有溫室調(diào)控條件的設(shè)施，注意適時(shí)增溫降濕。簡(jiǎn)易大棚可適當(dāng)選用覆蓋物以增加棚內(nèi)溫度防受凍；若部分地區(qū)雨雪量較大，有造成大棚內(nèi)外積水的可能，因此需提前在大棚四周挖深溝，防止雪水倒?jié)B進(jìn)棚內(nèi)，還可以增加棚內(nèi)濕度，減少蔬菜采收時(shí)的損失。
 
　　?后當(dāng)風(fēng)雪到來(lái)，要及時(shí)巡查、清除棚頂積雪，尤其要注意加強(qiáng)夜間除雪，避免積雪過(guò)厚壓塌棚室，造成損失；另外，雨雪天氣造成部分道路運(yùn)輸受阻，難免會(huì)影響蔬菜等鮮活農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的運(yùn)輸，因此做好農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的保鮮儲(chǔ)存工作也非常必要。
 
　　還記得上個(gè)月的杭城下了一場(chǎng)被眾網(wǎng)友嘲笑的“頭皮屑”一樣的雪嗎？相信這次大雪的到來(lái)，肯定可以一“雪”前恥。大家在迫不及待想要去西湖看雪的同時(shí)，還要做好設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)的防護(hù)，以免雪災(zāi)到來(lái)猝不及防。

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