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2018聚焦“三農(nóng)” 鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展迎來“難得”機(jī)遇

2018-02-05 15:27:11 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量：47619 評論

導(dǎo)讀：“如何實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略？”

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 政策導(dǎo)讀】“實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略，是解決人民日益增長的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的發(fā)展之間矛盾的必然要求，是實現(xiàn)‘兩個一百年’奮斗目標(biāo)的必然要求，是實現(xiàn)全體人民共同富裕的必然要求。”2018年2月4日，我國改革開放以來第20個、新世紀(jì)以來第15個指導(dǎo)“三農(nóng)”工作的中央一號文件《中共中央國務(wù)院關(guān)于實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的意見》由新華社受權(quán)發(fā)布。
 
　　鄉(xiāng)村振興講究的是實干
 
　　《文件》指出，當(dāng)前我國發(fā)展不平衡不充分問題在鄉(xiāng)村為突出，主要表現(xiàn)在：農(nóng)產(chǎn)品階段性供過于求和供給不足并存，農(nóng)業(yè)供給質(zhì)量亟待提高；農(nóng)民適應(yīng)生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展和市場競爭的能力不足，新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民隊伍建設(shè)亟需加強；農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和民生領(lǐng)域欠賬較多，農(nóng)村環(huán)境和生態(tài)問題比較突出，鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展整體水平亟待提升；國家支農(nóng)體系相對薄弱，農(nóng)村金融改革任務(wù)繁重，城鄉(xiāng)之間要素合理流動機(jī)制亟待健全；農(nóng)村基層黨建存在薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，鄉(xiāng)村治理體系和治理能力亟待強化。
 
　　“如何實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略？”《文件》從這幾方面著手做出指導(dǎo)，提升農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展質(zhì)量，培育鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展新動能；推進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村綠色發(fā)展，打造人與自然和諧共生發(fā)展新格局；繁榮興盛農(nóng)村文化，煥發(fā)鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)文明新氣象；加強農(nóng)村基層基礎(chǔ)工作，構(gòu)建鄉(xiāng)村治理新體系；提高農(nóng)村民生保障水平，塑造美麗鄉(xiāng)村新風(fēng)貌；打好脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)，增強貧困群眾獲得感；推進(jìn)體制機(jī)制創(chuàng)新，強化鄉(xiāng)村振興制度性供給；匯聚全社會力量，強化鄉(xiāng)村振興人才支撐；開拓投融資渠道，強化鄉(xiāng)村振興投入保障；堅持和完善黨對“三農(nóng)”工作的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。
 
　　《文件》確定了實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的目標(biāo)任務(wù)：到2020年，鄉(xiāng)村振興取得重要進(jìn)展，制度框架和政策體系基本形成。到2035年，鄉(xiāng)村振興取得決定性進(jìn)展，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化基本實現(xiàn)。到2050年，鄉(xiāng)村全面振興，農(nóng)業(yè)強、農(nóng)村美、農(nóng)民富全面實現(xiàn)。
 
　　農(nóng)民成受歡迎的職業(yè)
 
　　“實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略，必須破解人才瓶頸制約。走中國特色社會主義鄉(xiāng)村振興道路，讓農(nóng)業(yè)成為有奔頭的產(chǎn)業(yè)，讓農(nóng)民成為有吸引力的職業(yè)，讓農(nóng)村成為安居樂業(yè)的美麗家園。”
 
　　國家將加大對新興職業(yè)農(nóng)民的培育力度，引導(dǎo)符合條件的新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民參加城鎮(zhèn)職工養(yǎng)老、醫(yī)療等社會保障制度；建立有效激勵機(jī)制鼓勵社會各界投身鄉(xiāng)村振興工作中；建立自主培養(yǎng)與人才引進(jìn)相結(jié)合的農(nóng)村人力資源的開發(fā)機(jī)制；研究制定鼓勵城市專業(yè)人才參與鄉(xiāng)村振興的政策。
 
　　農(nóng)村成老人養(yǎng)老舒適地
 
　　《文件》繼續(xù)把基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)重點放在農(nóng)村，加快農(nóng)村公路、供水、供氣、環(huán)保、電網(wǎng)、物流、信息、廣播電視等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)；完善統(tǒng)一的城鄉(xiāng)居民基本醫(yī)療保險制度和大病保險制度；完善城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險制度，建立城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險待遇確定和基礎(chǔ)養(yǎng)老金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正常調(diào)整機(jī)制。
 
　　另外，《文件》還提出，要適度放活宅基地和農(nóng)民房屋使用權(quán)。嚴(yán)格禁止下鄉(xiāng)利用農(nóng)村宅基地建設(shè)別墅大院和私人會館。中央農(nóng)村工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組辦公室主任、中央農(nóng)辦主任韓俊說，這不是讓城里人到農(nóng)村買房置地，而是要使農(nóng)民的閑置住房成為發(fā)展鄉(xiāng)村旅游、養(yǎng)老等產(chǎn)業(yè)的載體。
 
　　結(jié)語
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)部新統(tǒng)計，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值占到農(nóng)業(yè)增加值的14%；鄉(xiāng)村旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)占到8.9%；新產(chǎn)業(yè)新業(yè)態(tài)對農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村社會總產(chǎn)值的貢獻(xiàn)率超過了20%。新時代的鄉(xiāng)村自來水普及率已經(jīng)提高到79%；通硬化路的村超過98%。農(nóng)村無害化衛(wèi)生廁所普及率已達(dá)到80.4%，65%的村對垃圾進(jìn)行了處理。
 
　　互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+，休閑觀光旅游等這些鄉(xiāng)村新產(chǎn)業(yè)新業(yè)態(tài)，鼓起了農(nóng)民的“錢袋子”；另外，水、電、路、通信等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)全面提速，曾經(jīng)臟亂差的農(nóng)村環(huán)境也在加速改善，讓鄉(xiāng)村居住環(huán)境也變得更加舒適。2018《一號文件》的出臺，讓鄉(xiāng)村成為了一個可以大有作為的廣闊天地，迎來了難得的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。
 
　　資料來源：新華社

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