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“優(yōu)、綠、融” 今年春耕三大亮點(diǎn)

2018-04-26 15:35:22 來(lái)源:中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量:28606 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀:截止至4月25日,我國(guó)春播完成面積4.41億畝,已完成33.2%的意向。今年春耕生產(chǎn)呈現(xiàn)三大特點(diǎn),概括起來(lái)是“優(yōu)、綠、融”三個(gè)字,即種植結(jié)構(gòu)繼續(xù)調(diào)優(yōu),生產(chǎn)方式持續(xù)調(diào)綠,農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝深度融合。

  【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】截止至4月25日,我國(guó)春播完成面積4.41億畝,已完成33.2%的意向。今年春耕生產(chǎn)呈現(xiàn)三大特點(diǎn),概括起來(lái)是“優(yōu)、綠、融”三個(gè)字,即種植結(jié)構(gòu)繼續(xù)調(diào)優(yōu),生產(chǎn)方式持續(xù)調(diào)綠,農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝深度融合。
 
種植結(jié)構(gòu)繼續(xù)調(diào)優(yōu)
 
  在以堅(jiān)持糧食作物為主的情況下調(diào)整生產(chǎn)種植結(jié)構(gòu),優(yōu)化資源配置。依據(jù)氣候、政策以及市場(chǎng)需求的變化,減少水稻、玉米的無(wú)效供給,增加大豆、雜糧等緊缺品種的有效供給以及增加如稻谷、“雙低”油菜等綠色產(chǎn)品的供給。
 
  在保證糧食正常運(yùn)作的情況下,充分應(yīng)用當(dāng)?shù)靥厣皟?yōu)勢(shì),因地制宜,既利于實(shí)施國(guó)家或地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)種植大戰(zhàn)略;對(duì)于農(nóng)戶來(lái)說(shuō),合理的種植模式降低了種植的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性以及防止了市場(chǎng)供需的失衡,在一定程度上保障了農(nóng)戶的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益;同時(shí),兼顧了群眾日常生活的合理需求。
 
  生產(chǎn)方式持續(xù)調(diào)綠
 
  現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)是以綠色發(fā)展為依托的,堅(jiān)持輪作休耕的綠色生產(chǎn)方式,開展化肥農(nóng)藥使用量零增長(zhǎng)行動(dòng),扎實(shí)推進(jìn)有機(jī)肥替代化肥,大力推進(jìn)病蟲綠色防控和統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治。在用藥用肥量大的主產(chǎn)區(qū),以有機(jī)肥代替化肥使用;充分利用現(xiàn)有的畜禽糞污資源化利用、秸稈綜合利用、黑土地保護(hù)利用和果菜茶有機(jī)肥替代化肥;政府、企業(yè)、個(gè)人共同推進(jìn),促進(jìn)綠色有機(jī)肥的產(chǎn)學(xué)研相結(jié)合;創(chuàng)新推進(jìn)開展化肥統(tǒng)配統(tǒng)施、病蟲統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治等服務(wù)。
 
  除輪作休耕的生產(chǎn)方式以及化肥農(nóng)藥的使用量零增長(zhǎng)行動(dòng)意外,在農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械設(shè)備的使用上也堅(jiān)持了綠色發(fā)展的原則。此前,兩部委發(fā)布的《2018—2020年農(nóng)機(jī)購(gòu)置補(bǔ)貼實(shí)施指導(dǎo)意見》,明確指出支持農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展機(jī)具的補(bǔ)貼需要,逐步將區(qū)域內(nèi)保有量明顯過多、技術(shù)相對(duì)落后、需求量小的機(jī)具品目剔除出補(bǔ)貼范圍。這有效地促進(jìn)了農(nóng)戶在選擇農(nóng)機(jī)具時(shí)更加傾向于綠色發(fā)展農(nóng)機(jī)具,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)持續(xù)綠色化。
 
  農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝深度融合
 
  促進(jìn)全程機(jī)械化以及全面機(jī)械化發(fā)展,農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝相融合。今年春耕期間,全國(guó)目前已投入各類農(nóng)機(jī)具1560多萬(wàn)臺(tái)。水稻、春玉米、春小麥、春大豆等糧油作物機(jī)耕率穩(wěn)定在90%以上,機(jī)播率達(dá)到52%,新機(jī)具新農(nóng)藝進(jìn)一步融合,智能裝備廣泛應(yīng)用。
 
  “種禾無(wú)期,因地為時(shí)。三月榆莢時(shí)雨,高地強(qiáng)土可種禾。”中國(guó)勞動(dòng)人民數(shù)千年以來(lái)的農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐,形成了一套自己獨(dú)特的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和方法,很多依然適用于轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展中的現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)。而農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的使用也是農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展中的大勢(shì)所趨,兩者的重要作用都不可忽視,如何將農(nóng)機(jī)與農(nóng)藝深度融合依然是我們生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中需要不斷探索的。
 
  五方面推進(jìn)機(jī)械化進(jìn)程
 
  我國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)尚處于智能化、自動(dòng)化、信息化的大變革時(shí)代,對(duì)于農(nóng)業(yè)全程機(jī)械化以及全面機(jī)械化依然任重而道遠(yuǎn)。那么,在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)蓬勃發(fā)展,大數(shù)據(jù)深入日常生活的今日,如何推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化“機(jī)器換人”?
 
  一是強(qiáng)全程,補(bǔ)齊補(bǔ)齊玉米籽粒直收、甘蔗機(jī)種機(jī)收、棉花機(jī)采等短板環(huán)節(jié),促進(jìn)作業(yè)產(chǎn)前、產(chǎn)中、產(chǎn)后全過程機(jī)械化;二是推全面,在優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)區(qū)布點(diǎn)開展牧草、果菜茶和養(yǎng)殖業(yè)、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品初加工等領(lǐng)域關(guān)鍵機(jī)械化技術(shù)的試驗(yàn)示范,在丘陵山區(qū)引導(dǎo)推廣耕地的宜機(jī)化改造,以關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)突破來(lái)推動(dòng)全面機(jī)械化;三是優(yōu)服務(wù),發(fā)展更加專業(yè)化、綜合化的服務(wù)主體和服務(wù)模式,完善農(nóng)機(jī)化生產(chǎn)信息服務(wù)平臺(tái);四是促創(chuàng)新,著力推進(jìn)更加適合中國(guó)國(guó)情使用的相關(guān)農(nóng)機(jī)具的研發(fā)和制造,改革農(nóng)機(jī)推廣鑒定制度,拓寬補(bǔ)貼機(jī)具的資質(zhì)采信渠道;五是提質(zhì)量,“渠道制勝,內(nèi)容為王”只有真正質(zhì)量過硬的農(nóng)機(jī)具才能經(jīng)得住市場(chǎng)的考核。
 
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