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農(nóng)機購置補貼政策解讀： 初衷與實施力度

2018-08-13 15:51:54 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：51964 評論

導(dǎo)讀：說到農(nóng)機購置補貼政策，不得不承認，它在我國農(nóng)業(yè)機械化路上起到了不可磨滅的重要作用。從2004年到2018年，政策已經(jīng)實施了15個年頭。這十幾年來，我國的農(nóng)業(yè)機械化水平發(fā)生了質(zhì)的飛躍，可以說，這一補貼政策的實施帶來了我國農(nóng)業(yè)翻天覆地的變化，是農(nóng)業(yè)機械化發(fā)展的基石。

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】說到農(nóng)機購置補貼政策，不得不承認，它在我國農(nóng)業(yè)機械化路上起到了不可磨滅的重要作用。從2004年到2018年，政策已經(jīng)實施了15個年頭。這十幾年來，我國的農(nóng)業(yè)機械化水平發(fā)生了質(zhì)的飛躍，可以說，這一補貼政策的實施帶來了我國農(nóng)業(yè)翻天覆地的變化，是農(nóng)業(yè)機械化發(fā)展的基石。

 

　　政策初衷：為提高農(nóng)業(yè)機械化水平而設(shè)立
 
　　2004年11月1日，我國農(nóng)業(yè)機械化發(fā)展*部法律——《中華人民共和國農(nóng)業(yè)機械化促進法》正式實施。2004年，中央一號文件提出“提高農(nóng)業(yè)機械化水平，對農(nóng)民個人、農(nóng)場職工、農(nóng)機專業(yè)戶和直接從事農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的農(nóng)機服務(wù)組織購置和更新大型農(nóng)機具給予一定補貼”。
 
　　這一年是中國農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)機行業(yè)*重要的一年，此后十年，我國農(nóng)業(yè)機械化提速換擋，創(chuàng)造出令世界驚嘆的中國農(nóng)機速度：農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)耕種收綜合機械化水平年均提高3個百分點，從2004年的34%提高到2014年的60%以上；農(nóng)機總動力每年新增上億馬力，農(nóng)機工業(yè)產(chǎn)值年均增長20%。
 
　　在2018年8月8日在青島召開的2018全國農(nóng)機流通信息工作會議上，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機械化管理司產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展處副處長李偉發(fā)表演講，回顧了農(nóng)機購置補貼的政策背景以及不同階段的實施情況。李偉認為，無論行業(yè)市場如何變化，農(nóng)機購置補貼發(fā)展到哪一階段，我們都不能忘記農(nóng)機購置補貼政策實施的初衷，早在2004年中央一號文件中就已經(jīng)明確指出了，農(nóng)機購置補貼的實施的目的是提高農(nóng)業(yè)機械化水平。李偉指出，所有關(guān)于政策的實施、改進以及建言獻策，都應(yīng)該以此為前提。
 
　　高實現(xiàn)度：從0.7億元逐年增加到186億元
 
　　農(nóng)機補貼政策實施以來，國家財政力度不斷加大，補貼金額從2004年的0.7億元逐年增加到2017年的186億元，2004—2017年全國補貼金額累計1847.7億元。

 

　　除此之外，2016年，為了提高財政資金使用的規(guī)范性、安全性和有效性，國家財政部曾牽頭組織抽查中央對地方專項轉(zhuǎn)移支付的情況，其中包括檢查農(nóng)機購置補貼資金的使用情況。抽查結(jié)果是絕大多數(shù)農(nóng)機具都在使用中，政策資金使用規(guī)范、安全、有效，財政部后給出的結(jié)論是農(nóng)機購置補貼資金管理水平高，政策實現(xiàn)度高。
 
　　今年，國家政策仍聚焦農(nóng)業(yè)裝備領(lǐng)域，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部決定于8月份在全國范圍內(nèi)組織開展2018年農(nóng)機購置補貼政策實施督導(dǎo)檢查工作，重點圍繞政策啟動實施、敞開補貼落實、資金管理使用、管理服務(wù)創(chuàng)新優(yōu)化等進展情況開展督導(dǎo)檢查。國家不斷出臺管理舉措，重點關(guān)注和整改的環(huán)節(jié)愈加聚焦在政策落實和執(zhí)行層面，給予了農(nóng)機補貼政策較好的實施環(huán)境，農(nóng)機領(lǐng)域整體發(fā)展向好。
 
　　補貼趨向：全面化、智能化裝備
 
　　在2018全國農(nóng)機流通信息工作會議上，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機械化管理司產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展處副處長李偉表示，在農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品補貼品類方面，目前主要糧食作物生產(chǎn)所需的常規(guī)農(nóng)機保有量正逐年上升，而設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)和果園生產(chǎn)機械化方面還有待提高。
 
　　所以諸如設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)大棚骨架、軌道運輸機等設(shè)施、機械或?qū)⑹茄a貼的側(cè)重點；同時李偉認為，未來信息物聯(lián)網(wǎng)快速發(fā)展，農(nóng)機購置補貼政策也將與時俱進，利用先進的信息技術(shù)來服務(wù)政策實施。
 
　　在農(nóng)機市場“黃金十年”過后，如今，農(nóng)業(yè)行業(yè)已發(fā)展到新的階段，農(nóng)機裝備趨向于更加全面化、智能化。在拖拉機、聯(lián)合收割機等主流農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品已趨于市場飽和的今天，農(nóng)機企業(yè)走技術(shù)革新、產(chǎn)品升級換代的路子才是正確的出路。未來，在智慧農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的大趨勢下，智能農(nóng)機會成為市場的主流；同時，主流農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品之外的設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)、果蔬茶等薄弱環(huán)節(jié)農(nóng)機領(lǐng)域也是未來市場的一片藍海。

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