今日要聞

穩(wěn)中向前:我國棉花生產(chǎn)綜合機(jī)械化進(jìn)一步發(fā)展

2018-08-22 17:38:42 來源:中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:林言 閱讀量:53609 評論

導(dǎo)讀:棉花是重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物之一,我國作為世界上大的棉花生產(chǎn)國和消費(fèi)國,種植面積和生產(chǎn)總量均位居世界。但長期以來,我國棉花生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化水平一直處于較低水平。

  【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 棉花是重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物之一,我國作為世界上大的棉花生產(chǎn)國和消費(fèi)國,種植面積和生產(chǎn)總量均位居世界。但長期以來,我國棉花生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化水平一直處于較低水平。
 
  回憶較早的80年代,那銀山一樣的棉花,掛著驢糞兜的車隊(duì),成為改革開放農(nóng)民發(fā)家的標(biāo)志。棉花雖然*,但種植起來非常麻煩,從早春下種,到放苗、除草、打叉、掐芯、收花,更別提一遍遍的打農(nóng)藥,以及后的采摘,極其費(fèi)工費(fèi)力。
 
  后來隨著農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展,雖然棉花機(jī)械化水平有所提高,但田間管理除了耕地、整地和噴藥治蟲可以用機(jī)械或半機(jī)械操作外,其它均需手工操作,生產(chǎn)手段仍然落后,特別是棉花采收時(shí)間長,用工多,生產(chǎn)成本高,應(yīng)有的生產(chǎn)潛力未得到充分發(fā)揮。
 
  我國棉花種植區(qū)域主要在新疆、黃河流域和長江流域。其中黃河流域產(chǎn)區(qū)主要包括河北、安徽、河南、山東等4個(gè)省,河北、山東兩個(gè)代表省份棉花種植面積一度超過2500萬畝,近年來,由于機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)水平提高緩慢,但生產(chǎn)資料和勞動力等生產(chǎn)成本卻持續(xù)上升,效益空間不斷被壓縮,種植面積持續(xù)下滑,2016年兩省棉花種植面積下降到1130萬畝。因此,重點(diǎn)解決棉花機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)薄弱環(huán)節(jié),大力推廣棉花全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)刻不容緩。
 
  現(xiàn)階段制約棉花生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化的主要問題有兩個(gè),一是適合我國國情的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械、農(nóng)藝研發(fā)滯后,研發(fā)、生產(chǎn)進(jìn)程緩慢,二是長期以來我國農(nóng)技與農(nóng)機(jī)存在嚴(yán)重的脫節(jié)問題。目前我國大部分產(chǎn)區(qū)棉花種植模式和管理技術(shù)措施遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能滿足以機(jī)械采收為主的全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)的要求。
 
  對此,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部帶頭,各級農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化主管部門高度重視,積極采取措施推動機(jī)采棉發(fā)展。近年來,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部采取加強(qiáng)關(guān)鍵裝備研發(fā)支持、加大購機(jī)補(bǔ)貼力度、強(qiáng)化全程機(jī)械化技術(shù)集成示范等措施,積極推動我國棉花生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化。
 
  早在2012年,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部就對北方棉區(qū)棉花全程機(jī)械化給予國家公益性(農(nóng)業(yè))行業(yè)科技項(xiàng)目支持。國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃將新疆棉區(qū)需要的6行大型采棉機(jī)列入專項(xiàng)研發(fā)內(nèi)容;山東省2015年將棉花機(jī)械化列入農(nóng)機(jī)裝備研發(fā)創(chuàng)新計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目,先后對多個(gè)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行立項(xiàng)補(bǔ)助。經(jīng)過多年努力,目前進(jìn)口采棉機(jī)壟斷市場的局面已有所改變。
 
  同時(shí),中央財(cái)政加大棉花采摘機(jī)支持力度,2012—2017年累計(jì)投入資金3億元補(bǔ)貼購置采棉機(jī),將大型采棉機(jī)單臺補(bǔ)貼額由20萬元提高到60萬元,同時(shí)鼓勵各地開展棉花機(jī)械新產(chǎn)品補(bǔ)貼試點(diǎn),支持引導(dǎo)新產(chǎn)品研發(fā)和推廣應(yīng)用。
 
  另外,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部成立了院士*的、農(nóng)機(jī)推廣人員為主體的棉花生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化專家組,著眼農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)全過程研究推進(jìn)棉花機(jī)械化工作。指導(dǎo)各地以機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)為目標(biāo),將棉花品種、栽培技術(shù)與機(jī)械化技術(shù)有機(jī)融合,產(chǎn)后加工工藝設(shè)備銜接配套,并形成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)范和操作規(guī)程。
 
  據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部統(tǒng)計(jì),2017年我國棉花耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率已達(dá)到73%,機(jī)采率達(dá)28%。作為我國的主要棉區(qū),新疆棉區(qū)棉花機(jī)采水平更加。2017年新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團(tuán)棉花機(jī)采率達(dá)80%,比上年增長11個(gè)百分點(diǎn);新疆棉花機(jī)采率達(dá)25%以上,比上年增長4個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。不僅提升了機(jī)械化水平,也提高了棉花單產(chǎn)、品質(zhì)和種植效益,同時(shí)帶動了新疆地方棉花生產(chǎn)發(fā)展,為穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展新疆棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。黃河流域、長江流域棉區(qū)機(jī)采也開始起步并穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。
我要評論
文明上網(wǎng),理性發(fā)言。(您還可以輸入200個(gè)字符)

所有評論僅代表網(wǎng)友意見,與本站立場無關(guān)。

產(chǎn)品推薦 更多

[{"ID":"3222037","Picture":"d939ceae0c7984b8db130c2e7a34688590d6d701e0cd2c4b8670b2b00e94dd435c0abba56a8bfb4e.png","PictureDomain":"img53","Name":"電能質(zhì)量檢測裝置","Type":"APM520/S","Descrip":"電能質(zhì)量檢測裝置主要用于電網(wǎng)供電質(zhì)量的綜合監(jiān)控,按IEC國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì),具有全電量測量、電能統(tǒng)計(jì)、電能質(zhì)量分析(包括諧波、間諧波、閃變)、故障錄波功能(包括電壓暫升暫降中斷、沖擊電流等記錄)、事件記錄功能及網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊等功能。","CompanyName":"安科瑞電氣股份有限公司","CompanyID":"131681","MarketPrice":"1596","PsOrder":"4231","PgID":"76","MaxOrder":"5","CityID":"3","City":"上海市","Address":"上海市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"3","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"2","StarNum":"5","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558850","StandUrl":"/st131681","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 23:30:41","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"0","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"安科瑞","PBrandID":"284","IsHadVideo":"1","VideoTime":"310","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1024231","HasPicSort":"103222037","UserID":"144670","PriceType":"1","PictureID":"1786960","CompanyTypeID":"3","Tag":"柜內(nèi)智能測量儀表,智能電能表,網(wǎng)絡(luò)電力儀表,三相多功能電能表,故障錄波儀表","LinkMan":"吳柯霓","TelPhone":"86-021-69151050","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"電動機(jī)綜合保護(hù)器,智能數(shù)據(jù)采集器,機(jī)房動環(huán)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng),動環(huán)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng),物業(yè)收費(fèi)系統(tǒng),宿舍售電系統(tǒng),智能監(jiān)控系統(tǒng),智慧園區(qū)管理系統(tǒng),多用戶預(yù)付費(fèi)電表,宿舍預(yù)付費(fèi)電表,智能安全配電裝置,充電樁直流表,發(fā)熱點(diǎn)測溫裝置,4G多功能電表,分時(shí)計(jì)費(fèi)電表","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"1596","RetailPrice":"1596","ComHitnumber":"39350","MarketUpdateTime":"2024/12/22 23:30:40","CreateTime":"2024/12/22 23:30:39","Flag":"1","PackageName":"高級會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"曹珮","Reprint":"","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13564678824"},{"ID":"3186916","Picture":"mt0001/bc84567bfd36087e562d61b0cc07db8c69ce2383d4ca31daffea677d92f748618e91f49e4817ad33.jpg","PictureDomain":"img70","Name":"上海TGA熱重分析儀","Type":"DZ-TGA101","Descrip":"DZ-TGA101是南京大展檢測儀器生產(chǎn)一款tga熱重分析儀,采用全新的爐體設(shè)計(jì),精度高,熱穩(wěn)定性高,操作簡單等優(yōu)勢。","CompanyName":"南京大展檢測儀器有限公司","CompanyID":"141344","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"86","City":"南京市","Address":"南京市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"40","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558675","StandUrl":"/st141344","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 20:35:01","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103186916","UserID":"154340","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1973112","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"陳經(jīng)理","TelPhone":"400-885-2060","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"差示掃描量熱儀、熱重分析儀、同步熱分析儀、炭黑含量測試儀、導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)測試儀和差熱分析儀等儀器的研發(fā)、制造。","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"2190","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/11/14 6:59:40","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13357721930"},{"ID":"3146759","Picture":"mt0001/62b67f438055e75401f1d156b46d5220b01d828f6206d975678774d9730e941846756d889d63d9f0.jpg","PictureDomain":"img79","Name":"真空烘箱報(bào)價(jià)","Type":"","Descrip":"DZF6050真空烘箱廣泛應(yīng)用于生物化學(xué)、化工制藥、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、農(nóng)業(yè)科研、環(huán)境保護(hù)等研究領(lǐng)域,作粉末干燥、烘焙以及各類玻璃容器的消毒和滅菌之用。特別適合對于干燥熱敏性、易氧化分解和復(fù)雜成分物品進(jìn)行快速高效的干燥處理。","CompanyName":"寧波賽茵儀器有限公司","CompanyID":"140663","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"100","City":"寧波市","Address":"寧波市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"118","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558674","StandUrl":"/st140663","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 20:34:30","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103146759","UserID":"153653","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1946451","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"夏三宇","TelPhone":"86-0574-88365938","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"真空烘箱,恒溫干燥箱,培養(yǎng)箱,恒溫恒濕箱","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"4083","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/9/23 13:59:19","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13616560682"},{"ID":"2934248","Picture":"5646a23e59c232715ee61a7bf0b5d5f6c8475c8e6fa35a8bfafdc1f6be88d862b3ae295ac212ffc5.jpg","PictureDomain":"img76","Name":"感應(yīng)停車交通罐車開關(guān)","Type":"","Descrip":"交通罐車開關(guān)Q-TC01-24-G防爆磁性感應(yīng)停車開關(guān)是礦山自動化控制裝置及繼電保護(hù)裝置中做快速切換電路之用。是自動化技術(shù)發(fā)展中的一種新型開關(guān),本開關(guān)抗力強(qiáng),適用于煤礦井下無瓦斯、煤塵惡劣危險(xiǎn)場所使用,作為井筒提升機(jī)減速點(diǎn),限位停車、過卷保護(hù)開關(guān)、裝卸載閘門、風(fēng)門控制及巷道運(yùn)輸、礦車計(jì)數(shù),推車機(jī),播臺還被廣泛應(yīng)用于礦山、機(jī)械、輕工、冶金、化工、紡織及科研等部門。","CompanyName":"麻城施邁賽工業(yè)自動化有限公司","CompanyID":"129135","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"191","City":"黃岡市","Address":"黃岡市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"76","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558673","StandUrl":"/st129135","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 20:33:04","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102934248","UserID":"142124","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1687976","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"向楊","TelPhone":"0713-2117311","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"接近開關(guān)、光電開關(guān)、拉繩開關(guān)、跑偏開關(guān)、打滑開關(guān)、磁性開關(guān)、傾斜開關(guān)、縱向撕裂開關(guān)、溜槽堵塞開關(guān)、行程開關(guān)","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"31340","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/3/21 4:35:05","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13636102066"},{"ID":"3222013","Picture":"mt0001/0497b4e3566c142003e80b39e7059489ecffb9b263c74d23289221ef77a6ae786bf0518f71413f9e.png","PictureDomain":"img64","Name":"維根斯頂置式攪拌器批發(fā)","Type":"WB2000-A","Descrip":"wiggens維根斯頂置式攪拌器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型頂置攪拌器提供實(shí)驗(yàn)室常規(guī)攪拌使用的頂置攪拌器 WB2000-M 為數(shù)字顯示 , 大旋鈕調(diào)節(jié) , 方便實(shí)驗(yàn)室使用 , 即使戴著手套操作也可以準(zhǔn)確調(diào)節(jié)需要的轉(zhuǎn)速 , 同時(shí)具有速度的數(shù)字反饋 , 保證攪拌的恒定的轉(zhuǎn)速和扭距。","CompanyName":"天津浩創(chuàng)科技有限公司","CompanyID":"141786","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"2","City":"天津市","Address":"天津市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"3","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558661","StandUrl":"/st141786","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 20:21:21","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103222013","UserID":"154787","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"2000255","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"姚雅珍","TelPhone":"022-87192739","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"博勒飛粘度計(jì),IKA攪拌器,賽多利斯天平,atago折射計(jì),優(yōu)萊博水浴","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"0","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/12/22 20:21:21","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13920127143"},{"ID":"3180413","Picture":"mt0001/dff4085807f5b9022c04e5a5ce603cb30441907f82b7a39a9592c97f1d7cf7f8cb2325678daf2fdb.jpg","PictureDomain":"img48","Name":"銷售進(jìn)口VICI色譜閥Valco六通閥哪家好","Type":"VICI","Descrip":"Valco十通閥/四通閥/六通閥/8通閥:Valco十通閥 由鄭州旭邁爾儀器有限公司為您提供!3 通 - 12 通閥?!?2“、3“和 6“ 加長桿可選?!?材料:Hasloy C合金、Inconel 600合金、Monel 400合金、Nickel 200合金、Nitronic 50合金、Titanium、Zirconium合金","CompanyName":"鄭州旭邁爾儀器有限公司","CompanyID":"141309","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"392","City":"國外","Address":"國外","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"119","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558661","StandUrl":"/st141309","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 20:21:45","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103180413","UserID":"154305","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1971892","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"秦先生","TelPhone":"","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"農(nóng)藥殘留檢測儀,食品安全檢測儀,酒精檢測儀,棒式酒精測試儀,油煙檢測儀,水質(zhì)檢測儀,混凝土測溫儀,氣體報(bào)警檢測儀等","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"2130","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/11/6 19:24:52","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"17837198913"}]