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我國甘蔗收獲機械行業(yè)或迎來發(fā)展“黃金期”

2018-09-04 08:34:21 來源:中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:林言 閱讀量:47440 評論

導(dǎo)讀:中國是食糖消費大國,我國食糖總產(chǎn)量僅次于巴西和印度,其中蔗糖是我國食糖的主要來源,占食糖總量的92%以上。甘蔗作為重要的糖料作物和經(jīng)濟作物,主產(chǎn)區(qū)主要集中在廣西、云南等西南部邊境地區(qū),是當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民脫貧致富的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。

  【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 市場行情】 中國是食糖消費大國,我國食糖總產(chǎn)量僅次于巴西和印度,其中蔗糖是我國食糖的主要來源,占食糖總量的92%以上。甘蔗作為重要的糖料作物和經(jīng)濟作物,主產(chǎn)區(qū)主要集中在廣西、云南等西南部邊境地區(qū),是當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民脫貧致富的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。
 
  我國甘蔗機械化發(fā)展進入快車道
 
  盡管我國食糖總產(chǎn)位居*三,但多年來我國甘蔗進口量一直很高,由于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施落后、機械化程度低、品種單一、經(jīng)營分散、人工成本較高等因素,中國甘蔗產(chǎn)業(yè)整體處于較低迷的狀態(tài)。因此,提高甘蔗生產(chǎn)機械化水平對于提高當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民收入、提高我國糖業(yè)競爭力都具有十分重要的意義。

 
  2017年底,國家發(fā)改委制定了《增強制造業(yè)核心競爭力三年行動計劃(2018—2020年)》(發(fā)改產(chǎn)業(yè)〔2017〕2000號)實施方案,方案對未來三年的農(nóng)機裝備技術(shù)水平和核心競爭力的提升進行了詳細明確的部署。在四項重點工程中,甘蔗收獲機示范工程占據(jù)一席,這與目前國家正在強力推進的蔗糖產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級相契合,更是對2017年7月份四部委出臺的《推進廣西甘蔗生產(chǎn)全程機械化行動方案(2017—2020年)》的呼應(yīng),足見甘蔗收獲機在甘蔗生產(chǎn)全程機械化中的短板亟需破解。
 
  在今年4月份農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部印發(fā)的《2018年推進農(nóng)業(yè)機械化全程全面發(fā)展重點技術(shù)推廣行動方案》中也提到了在蔗糖主產(chǎn)區(qū)實施甘蔗生產(chǎn)全程機械化技術(shù)試驗示范項目,開展甘蔗生產(chǎn)機械化農(nóng)機農(nóng)藝技術(shù)融合研究,舉辦甘蔗機械化的現(xiàn)場演示、展示及交流研討活動。國家持續(xù)關(guān)注甘蔗生產(chǎn)問題,我國甘蔗機械化發(fā)展將進入快車道。
 
  據(jù)了解,甘蔗收獲環(huán)節(jié)是甘蔗生產(chǎn)過程中勞動強度大、費工費時多、成本高的作業(yè)環(huán)節(jié),而采用甘蔗收獲機械化技術(shù)可以大幅度減輕勞動強度,節(jié)省勞動力,提高工效,降低生產(chǎn)成本。據(jù)測算,1臺甘蔗聯(lián)合收割機配套2臺田間收集機,正常情況下每天可收獲甘蔗100噸以上,可提高工效40倍以上,按機收甘蔗95元/噸與人工砍收+機械裝載135元/噸(按人工每天收0.8噸,機械裝載15元/噸計算)對比,可節(jié)約成本40元/噸,畝產(chǎn)甘蔗8噸可節(jié)約收獲成本320元/畝。
 
  發(fā)展問題主要體現(xiàn)在哪些方面?
 
  雖然,近年來我國甘蔗生產(chǎn)機械化推進工作取得了明顯進展,但在甘蔗生產(chǎn)全程機械化進程中還存在著不可忽視的問題,主要體現(xiàn)在以下兩點:
 
  由于我國70%以上的甘蔗種植在坡地和丘陵地帶,蔗地不規(guī)則、坡度大、機耕道路不完善、種植行距不一等,不適應(yīng)甘蔗收獲機械化作業(yè)的要求;另外,由于傳統(tǒng)的小戶經(jīng)營模式,甘蔗種植規(guī)模小且一地多戶,種植規(guī)模化程度低,不適應(yīng)大型收獲機械進行規(guī)?;鳂I(yè)。
 
  除此之外,我國甘蔗收獲機械裝備制造水平有待提高,部分收獲機產(chǎn)品投放市場時間較短,性能仍不能完全滿足丘陵坡地、雨季收獲等多樣化需求,有待通過實際檢驗進一步改進優(yōu)化;另外機具產(chǎn)品標準不完善、缺少大型機具試驗檢測基地等原因,影響了新產(chǎn)品試驗驗證和企業(yè)研發(fā)創(chuàng)新。
 
  因此,推進甘蔗生產(chǎn)地土地規(guī)?;?jīng)營從而實現(xiàn)甘蔗規(guī)模化種植、加快甘蔗收獲機械研制改進并大力推廣是當(dāng)前推進甘蔗生產(chǎn)全程機械化的重點問題;另外,在農(nóng)機補貼方面,可適當(dāng)鼓勵對甘蔗種植、收獲等關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)機具實行敞開補貼,給予重點支持。我國甘蔗生產(chǎn)機械化將迎來加速時代,相應(yīng)的甘蔗生產(chǎn)機械也必將迎來發(fā)展“黃金期”。
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