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我國化肥農(nóng)藥施用提質(zhì)增效:從“零增長”到“負增長”
2018-12-22
15:07:54
來源:中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:32190
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導讀:今年11月,生態(tài)環(huán)境部、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部聯(lián)合印發(fā)《農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村污染治理攻堅戰(zhàn)行動計劃》(以下簡稱《行動計劃》),《行動計劃》提出五方面主要任務,其中一點便是有效防控種植業(yè)污染。要求要持續(xù)推進化肥、農(nóng)藥減量增效,到2020年,全國主要農(nóng)作物化肥農(nóng)藥使用量實現(xiàn)負增長,化肥、農(nóng)藥利用率均達到40%以上,測土配方施肥技術覆蓋率達到90%以上,全國主要農(nóng)作物綠色防控覆蓋率達到30%以上,主要農(nóng)作物病蟲害專業(yè)化統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治
【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】 今年11月,生態(tài)環(huán)境部、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部聯(lián)合印發(fā)《農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村污染治理攻堅戰(zhàn)行動計劃》(以下簡稱《行動計劃》),《行動計劃》提出五方面主要任務,其中一點便是有效防控種植業(yè)污染。要求要持續(xù)推進化肥、農(nóng)藥減量增效,到2020年,全國主要農(nóng)作物化肥農(nóng)藥使用量實現(xiàn)負增長,化肥、農(nóng)藥利用率均達到40%以上,測土配方施肥技術覆蓋率達到90%以上,全國主要農(nóng)作物綠色防控覆蓋率達到30%以上,主要農(nóng)作物病蟲害專業(yè)化統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治覆蓋率達到40%以上。近年來我國整體化肥農(nóng)藥使用量已提前實現(xiàn)“零增長”,部分地區(qū)實現(xiàn)了“負增長”。
云南:化肥使用實現(xiàn)負增長
據(jù)悉,云南在“爭當全國生態(tài)文明建設*”上邁出堅實步伐,去年實現(xiàn)化肥使用量負增長,并連續(xù)3年實現(xiàn)農(nóng)藥使用量負增長,提前達成到2020年實現(xiàn)化肥、農(nóng)藥使用量零增長的目標。
云南省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳副廳長張穆介紹,全省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部門結(jié)合糧油作物高產(chǎn)創(chuàng)建和特色經(jīng)濟作物標準園創(chuàng)建,年均測土配方施肥推廣4500萬畝以上,年均減少不合理施肥量近10萬噸。“去年化肥使用量為231.94萬噸,比2016年減少3.64萬噸,云南化肥使用量實現(xiàn)負增長。”
此外,云南每年開展農(nóng)作物病蟲害綜合防治面積2億畝次,未出現(xiàn)病蟲害失控大面積爆發(fā)情況。自2015年以來,已經(jīng)連續(xù)三年實現(xiàn)農(nóng)藥使用量負增長。
張穆說,云南省下一步將繼續(xù)擴大測土配方施肥的應用,引導農(nóng)民積極施用農(nóng)家肥。同時,不斷構(gòu)建病蟲監(jiān)測預警體系,因地制宜集成推廣適合不同作物的技術模式,并加速生物農(nóng)藥、低毒低殘留農(nóng)藥的推廣應用,逐步淘汰高毒農(nóng)藥。
安徽:化肥使用量、農(nóng)藥施用量連續(xù)3年實現(xiàn)負增長
據(jù)悉,安徽全省化肥使用量、農(nóng)藥施用量連續(xù)3年實現(xiàn)負增長。
據(jù)安徽省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳副廳長陳衛(wèi)東介紹,在產(chǎn)地環(huán)境保護方面,安徽省著力加強農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染防治,啟動實施了畜禽糞污治理、果菜茶有機肥替代化肥、秸稈綜合利用、農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物回收、水生生物保護等農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展五大行動,農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染加重的趨勢得到緩解。全省化肥使用量、農(nóng)藥施用量連續(xù)3年實現(xiàn)負增長;肥料利用率、農(nóng)藥利用率分別達37.6%和39.6%,農(nóng)作物秸稈綜合利用率達87.3%。
在生產(chǎn)過程管控方面,安徽省狠抓質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)管。在全省范圍內(nèi)連續(xù)11年開展農(nóng)藥管理及使用、瘦肉精、水產(chǎn)品和農(nóng)資打假等專項行動,年出動執(zhí)法人員10萬人次。在全國建立
農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全“紅榜”和“黑名單”制度。近年來,安徽省蔬菜、畜禽產(chǎn)品、水產(chǎn)品省級例行監(jiān)測合格率均在99%以上。
此外,安徽省積極培育農(nóng)產(chǎn)品品牌,推進農(nóng)業(yè)標準化生產(chǎn),“三品一標”農(nóng)產(chǎn)品從無到有,總數(shù)達5376個。以市場為導向,安徽省打造“皖”字號農(nóng)產(chǎn)品品牌,農(nóng)業(yè)類有效注冊商標達12萬件,其中106件。
安徽省棉花減施增效取得重大進展
近日,安徽省農(nóng)科院棉花研究所在安慶市召開棉花化肥農(nóng)藥減施示范現(xiàn)場觀摩會。據(jù)專家現(xiàn)場測產(chǎn),今年望江示范片皮棉單產(chǎn)157.66公斤/畝,較對照增產(chǎn)15.27%,單株成鈴63.2個,對照55.7個;東至機采棉136.34公斤/畝,較常規(guī)育苗移栽方式增產(chǎn)5.74%。
從2017年就開始,安徽省棉花研究所在望江和東至縣選點就常規(guī)棉田和機采棉田進行“兩減”示范。通過對棉農(nóng)授課培訓、田間指導等方式,今年的棉花化肥農(nóng)藥減施增效示范取得很好效果。
“長江流域棉花化肥農(nóng)藥減施技術集成研究與示范”是國家“十三五”重點研發(fā)計劃,簡稱“雙減”,就是針對傳統(tǒng)植棉片面追求棉花高產(chǎn),化肥、農(nóng)藥使用量大,人工施藥用工多、勞動強度大等問題,實行棉花農(nóng)藥減施增效技術達到種植棉花的規(guī)模化、機械化、綠色化。
安徽省棉科所副研究員王維介紹,項目從棉花生產(chǎn)實際出發(fā),立足于棉花輕簡發(fā)展方向,通過示范合理增密、棉花配方緩控釋肥+有機肥+水溶肥、綠肥作物替代、氮棉花品種等化肥減施技術和誘殺、秸稈覆蓋抑草、低毒藥劑等農(nóng)藥減施技術,并實行了無人直升飛機施藥。與常規(guī)對照相比,肥料利用率提高12.5%,化肥減量25.1%,農(nóng)藥減量21.4%,取得了較好的社會和經(jīng)濟效益。項目優(yōu)化集成了化肥農(nóng)藥減施增效技術,提升了棉花化肥農(nóng)藥科學使用與病蟲害綠色防控技術水平,對確保長江流域棉區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境安全、推動棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展起到了非常重要、積極的作用。
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