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農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部發(fā)布72項農(nóng)業(yè)主推技術(shù),這幾類小眾農(nóng)機(jī)可能要“火”

2019-06-06 16:17:06 來源:農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:林言 閱讀量:50482 評論

導(dǎo)讀:近幾年來,主流農(nóng)機(jī)市場下滑已是不爭的事實。在此情況下,一系列小眾農(nóng)機(jī)卻逐漸進(jìn)入大眾視野,開始出現(xiàn)在各大農(nóng)機(jī)展會和市場上。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 市場行情】 近幾年來,主流農(nóng)機(jī)市場下滑已是不爭的事實。在此情況下,一系列小眾農(nóng)機(jī)卻逐漸進(jìn)入大眾視野,開始出現(xiàn)在各大農(nóng)機(jī)展會和市場上。據(jù)中國農(nóng)機(jī)工業(yè)協(xié)會數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計,今年以來,拖拉機(jī)、收割機(jī)市場下滑,但一季度營收仍能實現(xiàn)增長,主要得益于畜牧機(jī)械、農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品加工機(jī)械、水資源專用機(jī)械等小眾產(chǎn)品的大幅提升,它們的營收分別為21.75%、9.77%、26.09%,成為季度農(nóng)機(jī)營收呈小幅增長的推手。
 
  今年4月30日,為加快農(nóng)業(yè)先進(jìn)適用技術(shù)推廣應(yīng)用,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部發(fā)布了72項2019年農(nóng)業(yè)主推技術(shù),其中涉及農(nóng)業(yè)細(xì)分領(lǐng)域機(jī)械化的主要有茶園全程機(jī)械化管理技術(shù)、莖葉類蔬菜全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)和根莖類中藥材機(jī)械化收獲技術(shù)。

  同時,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部要求各地農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部門結(jié)合農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部發(fā)布的農(nóng)業(yè)主推技術(shù)、地方主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展要求和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營者技術(shù)需求,遴選發(fā)布本地區(qū)年度農(nóng)業(yè)主推技術(shù)。要依托各類生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營主體、農(nóng)業(yè)科研教學(xué)單位和農(nóng)業(yè)社會化服務(wù)組織,發(fā)揮試驗示范基地、科技示范主體等的示范展示和指引帶動作用,組織專家、農(nóng)技人員開展主推技術(shù)示范推廣和指導(dǎo)培訓(xùn),引導(dǎo)廣大農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營者科學(xué)應(yīng)用先進(jìn)適用技術(shù),加快助力脫貧攻堅,推動農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。
 
  72項農(nóng)業(yè)助推技術(shù)的發(fā)布說明我國在國家層面對這些具體農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的重視,而在農(nóng)機(jī)領(lǐng)域,這幾類小眾農(nóng)機(jī)也將迎來重要發(fā)展期。
 
  茶葉生產(chǎn)
 
  我國是大的茶葉生產(chǎn)國和消費(fèi)國,并且中國茶葉在茶葉貿(mào)易中也占有重要地位。然而我國茶葉生產(chǎn)尤其是在重要的采茶環(huán)節(jié),目前大部分茶園卻依然是古老的人工采茶模式,這嚴(yán)重影響了茶產(chǎn)業(yè)綜合競爭力和可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
 
  雖然由于技術(shù)尚不成熟,采茶機(jī)械目前還沒有大規(guī)模推廣,但部分茶葉生產(chǎn)大省已開始積極探索推廣之路,當(dāng)前江西、湖南、湖北等多省份已將采茶機(jī)納入農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼產(chǎn)品目錄。
 
  蔬菜生產(chǎn)
 
  和茶葉一樣,我國也是世界上大的蔬菜生產(chǎn)國,蔬菜產(chǎn)量占世界總產(chǎn)量的60%左右。我國的蔬菜生產(chǎn)一直是一項勞動密集型產(chǎn)業(yè),勞動力成本占蔬菜生產(chǎn)成本可達(dá)50%以上,因此,加快蔬菜生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)已成當(dāng)務(wù)之急。
 
  蔬菜種類中尤其是莖葉類蔬菜,生產(chǎn)過程中要求的田間管理程序復(fù)雜,機(jī)械化作業(yè)的難度較大。莖葉類蔬菜生產(chǎn)周期短、品種繁多,單品種植面積有限,規(guī)?;蛔悖瑱C(jī)械化采收易造成損失。另外,很多莖葉類蔬菜在大棚內(nèi)生長,對作業(yè)機(jī)械的要求較高,因此相應(yīng)機(jī)具的研發(fā)技術(shù)也較高。
 
  從蔬菜生產(chǎn)的全過程來看,種植和中耕、田間管理環(huán)節(jié)已部分實現(xiàn)機(jī)械化,育苗和移栽環(huán)節(jié)取得很大進(jìn)步,灌溉和植保環(huán)節(jié)在近幾年發(fā)展較好,但蔬菜收獲環(huán)節(jié)機(jī)械化進(jìn)程緩慢特別是果蔬、葉菜、球莖類的收獲處于剛剛起步階段,甚至許多蔬菜還沒有相應(yīng)的的收獲機(jī)械。近年來,我國各蔬菜大省積極舉辦各類不同形式的蔬菜生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化現(xiàn)場演示會,對提升我國蔬菜機(jī)械化水平產(chǎn)生了重要作用。
 
  中藥材生產(chǎn)
 
  近年來,隨著中藥醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)展,“中西結(jié)合療效好”得到了大眾的認(rèn)可,帶動了中藥材產(chǎn)業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展。農(nóng)機(jī)化是中藥農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的必經(jīng)之路,在未來的發(fā)展中,隨著勞動力的匱乏和成本的不斷升高,機(jī)械化將是中藥發(fā)展的重要保障。
 
  中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)副教授鄭志安提出,一方面,相對于大農(nóng)業(yè),中藥材產(chǎn)業(yè)具有高價值特性,而且近年來中藥材行業(yè)增長率一直保持在20%以上,機(jī)械需求旺盛、購買力比較強(qiáng)。另一方面,中藥材生產(chǎn)過度依賴人工,單位生產(chǎn)成本中人工成本占比可達(dá)70%—80%。第三,機(jī)械制造企業(yè)技術(shù)儲備的轉(zhuǎn)移利用以及新技術(shù)儲備的形成與再利用,可以有效降低產(chǎn)品開發(fā)成本并形成差異化競爭優(yōu)勢。為此,他認(rèn)為關(guān)注投入這一行業(yè)成為當(dāng)前佳的時機(jī)和選擇。
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