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共創(chuàng)奶業(yè)振興:飼料收獲、乳品加工、畜禽養(yǎng)殖等設(shè)備迎發(fā)展利好

2019-07-10 17:01:58 來源:農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:四夕 閱讀量:49172 評論

導(dǎo)讀:2018年,全國奶牛產(chǎn)量3075萬噸、乳制品產(chǎn)量2687萬噸、乳制品進(jìn)口1400萬噸、奶類消費(fèi)總量接近5000萬噸,數(shù)量上中國已經(jīng)是名副其實(shí)的奶類生產(chǎn)、加工、進(jìn)口和消費(fèi)大國。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】你愿意花上幾個小時的時間去排隊(duì)買一杯奶茶嗎?恐怕很大一部分人的答案都是愿意,對于很多小姐姐們來說,這世上沒有什么事情是一杯奶茶解決不了的,如果一杯解決不了,那就兩杯。網(wǎng)友們甚至還調(diào)侃“都說女人是水做的,其實(shí)大部分是奶茶做的,剩下的則是珍珠奶茶做的。”即便是喊著減肥的她們,也難以抵擋奶茶的誘惑,總會找各種理由去買。
 
  “2018年,全國奶牛產(chǎn)量3075萬噸、乳制品產(chǎn)量2687萬噸、乳制品進(jìn)口1400萬噸、奶類消費(fèi)總量接近5000萬噸,數(shù)量上中國已經(jīng)是名副其實(shí)的奶類生產(chǎn)、加工、進(jìn)口和消費(fèi)大國。”中國奶業(yè)協(xié)會副會長兼秘書長劉亞清表示,我國奶業(yè)規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖比重超過60%,全混合日糧飼喂比重超過80%,機(jī)械化擠奶達(dá)到100%,產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈各環(huán)節(jié)機(jī)械化、信息化、智能化水平提升。
 
  目前,我國奶牛養(yǎng)殖面臨的一個重大問題就是以苜蓿短缺為代表的飼料資源短缺,今年一號文件明確表示“要合理調(diào)整糧經(jīng)飼結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)展青貯玉米、苜蓿等飼草料生產(chǎn)。”農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部提出繼續(xù)推行“糧改飼”、“鐮刀彎地區(qū)玉米結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整”政策,力爭到2020年,該區(qū)域玉米種植穩(wěn)定在1億畝左右。
 
  而奶業(yè)振興顯然在很大程度上需要依靠科技支撐,作為近年來農(nóng)業(yè)部開展的重要農(nóng)業(yè)改革模式,糧改飼致力于將單純的糧倉變?yōu)?ldquo;糧倉+奶罐+肉庫”,政策春風(fēng)為國內(nèi)乳畜養(yǎng)殖設(shè)施及設(shè)備提供了新的發(fā)展機(jī)遇,尤其是青飼料收獲行業(yè)更是迎來發(fā)展黃金期。相關(guān)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械主要包括:飼料收割、青貯、打捆、粉碎攪拌設(shè)備,撒料等喂飼系統(tǒng)、飼料加工及飼料質(zhì)量檢測設(shè)備及配件等。
 
  以約翰迪爾8500自走式青貯收獲機(jī)為例,其標(biāo)配超耐磨籽粒破碎器,電動間隙調(diào)整,籽粒破碎效果更可靠,且一種籽粒破碎器即可滿足用戶所有切斷長度要求;通過控制器可實(shí)現(xiàn)割臺與喂入輥100%同步,喂入均勻且順暢,獲得更佳的切段質(zhì)量;配備專業(yè)割臺,可掛接400系列大轉(zhuǎn)盤割臺,300+系列小轉(zhuǎn)盤割臺以及600系列撿拾器,割臺和主機(jī)匹配度高,作物流順暢不堵塞,3分鐘即可完成割臺掛接,整機(jī)效率提高。
 
  乳制品加工技術(shù)設(shè)備
 
  日前,以“奶酪——奶業(yè)振興新動能”為主題的2019奶酪發(fā)展高峰論壇在北京召開,奶業(yè)要振興,發(fā)展奶酪產(chǎn)業(yè)是一個突破口。乳品加工是我國奶業(yè)發(fā)展的一個重要方向,以此為基礎(chǔ)的乳制品加工技術(shù)設(shè)備還需加大投入與創(chuàng)新,補(bǔ)齊短板,真正實(shí)現(xiàn)奶業(yè)振興。
 
  主要機(jī)械設(shè)備包括:擠奶設(shè)備與配件,鮮奶貯藏、檢測、儲存與運(yùn)輸設(shè)備,分離、混合、均質(zhì)、發(fā)酵、滅菌等設(shè)備及配件等。“擠奶工人”逐漸被更加智能化的機(jī)器所取代,目前我國的規(guī)?;B(yǎng)殖場大多已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了機(jī)械化擠奶。在牛奶被擠出之后,需要保存在儲奶罐中,然后經(jīng)奶罐車運(yùn)送到工廠,再進(jìn)行后續(xù)的殺毒工序。目前,牛奶運(yùn)輸主要采用的是全程冷鏈運(yùn)輸。
 
  我國對于奶牛飼養(yǎng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是《GB/T 20014.8-2008》,里面詳細(xì)規(guī)定了牛舍、擠奶廳、儲奶廳、奶罐車等需要達(dá)到的衛(wèi)生要求,以及常見疫病如何防治等內(nèi)容。近幾年奶牛養(yǎng)殖的規(guī)?;潭仍絹碓礁?,根據(jù)“十三五”規(guī)劃目標(biāo),到2020年大規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場將占據(jù)奶牛飼養(yǎng)量的70%。
 
  畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物資源化利用設(shè)備
 
  在養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展的同時,隨之而來的是以畜禽資源化利用為代表的環(huán)境保護(hù)壓力,據(jù)有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,目前全國畜禽糞污綜合利用率達(dá)到70%,規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場糞污處理設(shè)施裝備配套率達(dá)到63%。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人表示,將聚焦規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場、聚焦畜牧大縣、聚焦種養(yǎng)結(jié)合、聚焦轉(zhuǎn)型升級、聚焦技術(shù)支撐和服務(wù)5個方面,推進(jìn)畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物資源化利用。
 
  與之相關(guān)的環(huán)保設(shè)備包括動物無害化處理設(shè)備,牧場糞便處理技術(shù)與設(shè)備,養(yǎng)殖污水、廢氣處理設(shè)備等。從這兩年來相關(guān)政策文件的發(fā)布頻率和指向看,養(yǎng)殖業(yè)廢棄物資源化利用將是今年農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域熱門焦點(diǎn)之一。
 
  2018年12月27日,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部印發(fā)加快推進(jìn)畜禽糞污資源化利用機(jī)具試驗(yàn)鑒定有關(guān)工作的通知;2019年3月25日,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部辦公廳印發(fā)關(guān)于畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物資源化利用2019年工作要點(diǎn)的通知;2019年4月11日,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部下發(fā)《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步做好農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼機(jī)具投檔與核驗(yàn)等工作的通知》,借此推動增加畜禽糞污資源化利用補(bǔ)貼機(jī)具種類相關(guān)事宜;2019年4月26日,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部、財政部發(fā)布了《關(guān)于做好2019年畜禽糞污資源化利用項(xiàng)目實(shí)施工作的通知》。
 
  結(jié)語:可以說,全面推進(jìn)奶業(yè)振興背景下,以奶農(nóng)規(guī)?;B(yǎng)殖為基礎(chǔ)的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營體系及全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈都將受到影響,對于我國奶業(yè)發(fā)展質(zhì)量、效益和競爭力具有重要意義。奶牛飼養(yǎng)業(yè)作為乳制品加工的基礎(chǔ),兩者是產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈上的利益共同體,互相促進(jìn)拉動。而抓好畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物資源化利用,不僅僅關(guān)系到養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展,同時也是我國農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境整治的關(guān)鍵所在。
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