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農(nóng)村創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)加快推進(jìn) 增添鄉(xiāng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)振興新動能

2019-07-11 09:22:58 來源:農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部新聞辦公室 閱讀量:17311 評論

導(dǎo)讀:近年來,各級農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部門認(rèn)真貫徹中央關(guān)于創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)部署,切實(shí)落實(shí)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)政策,搭建能人返鄉(xiāng)、企業(yè)興鄉(xiāng)、市民下鄉(xiāng)平臺,將智創(chuàng)、文創(chuàng)、農(nóng)創(chuàng)引入鄉(xiāng)村,促進(jìn)資源要素活力競相迸發(fā)和創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)源泉充分涌流。目前,創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)正在廣袤農(nóng)村風(fēng)生水起,為鄉(xiāng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)振興注入新動能,也為城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展開辟新通道。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】近年來,各級農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部門認(rèn)真貫徹中央關(guān)于創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)部署,切實(shí)落實(shí)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)政策,搭建能人返鄉(xiāng)、企業(yè)興鄉(xiāng)、市民下鄉(xiāng)平臺,將智創(chuàng)、文創(chuàng)、農(nóng)創(chuàng)引入鄉(xiāng)村,促進(jìn)資源要素活力競相迸發(fā)和創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)源泉充分涌流。目前,創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)正在廣袤農(nóng)村風(fēng)生水起,為鄉(xiāng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)振興注入新動能,也為城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展開辟新通道。
 
  (一)規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大,層次明顯提升。隨著城鄉(xiāng)融合的不斷深入,鄉(xiāng)村提供了更多的創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會和平臺,吸引更多的資金、技術(shù)和人才要素匯聚鄉(xiāng)村。據(jù)監(jiān)測,2018年返鄉(xiāng)下鄉(xiāng)人員780萬人,比上年增加40萬。與上世紀(jì)80年代初農(nóng)民紛紛“洗腳上田”創(chuàng)業(yè)和90年代體制內(nèi)人員到農(nóng)村“下海”創(chuàng)業(yè)不同,這一輪農(nóng)村創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)人員層次更高。返鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)民工、大中專畢業(yè)生、退役軍人、科技人員、留學(xué)歸國人員、企業(yè)主等,大都是開創(chuàng)型、知識型、技能型人才,既有資金、又有經(jīng)驗(yàn),既懂管理、又懂市場。目前,農(nóng)村創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)人員平均年齡45歲左右,高中和大中專以上學(xué)歷的占到40%。
 
  (二)跨界特征明顯,業(yè)態(tài)多種多樣。適應(yīng)農(nóng)村一二三產(chǎn)業(yè)融合發(fā)展新趨勢,各類創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)主體注重發(fā)掘新功能新價值,培育新產(chǎn)業(yè)新業(yè)態(tài),實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)與現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)要素跨界配置。據(jù)對1573個雙創(chuàng)樣本數(shù)據(jù)分析,新增創(chuàng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目的60%以上具有創(chuàng)新因素,80%以上的創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目屬于產(chǎn)業(yè)融合類型,55%左右的創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)主體廣泛運(yùn)用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、智慧農(nóng)業(yè)、共享經(jīng)濟(jì)等模式,形成城鄉(xiāng)關(guān)聯(lián)、產(chǎn)業(yè)梯度格局。
 
  (三)產(chǎn)業(yè)重心下沉,鄉(xiāng)土特色明顯。各地引入創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新元素,打造出一批“孵化器”和“加速器”,聚集了3%的創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)主體。據(jù)監(jiān)測,創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)主體的經(jīng)營場所設(shè)置在縣城區(qū)域的占13%,在縣城以下的占87%,與鄉(xiāng)村和農(nóng)戶的聯(lián)系更緊密,輻射帶動作用更明顯。多數(shù)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)主體依托當(dāng)?shù)刭Y源優(yōu)勢,發(fā)掘鄉(xiāng)土資源和傳統(tǒng)工藝,發(fā)展小眾類、中、特色化產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)品,創(chuàng)響一批獨(dú)一份、特別特、好中優(yōu)的“土字號”“鄉(xiāng)字號”品牌。
 
  (四)聯(lián)農(nóng)帶農(nóng)緊密,社會效益明顯。各類創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)主體創(chuàng)辦的項(xiàng)目多是農(nóng)民特別是小農(nóng)戶參與度高、受益面廣的產(chǎn)業(yè),有的到貧困地區(qū)建立農(nóng)產(chǎn)品原料標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化基地,帶動貧困戶增收致富和脫貧攻堅。通過推行“訂單收購+分紅”“農(nóng)民入股+保底收益+按股分紅”等多種利益聯(lián)結(jié)方式,鼓勵農(nóng)民將承包地經(jīng)營權(quán)、設(shè)施裝備、政府補(bǔ)貼等通過折股量化參與創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)。監(jiān)測顯示,70%認(rèn)為創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動就業(yè)增收,40%認(rèn)為帶動脫貧,30%認(rèn)為創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、農(nóng)村生態(tài)環(huán)境改善、農(nóng)村衛(wèi)生事業(yè)推動、農(nóng)村基層社會治理。
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