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農業(yè)農村部九項措施加強肥料包裝廢棄物回收處理

2020-02-12 16:07:49 來源：農機網整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：34683 評論

導讀： 肥料是重要的農業(yè)生產資料，對保障國家糧食安全和農產品有效供給具有重要作用。目前，我國肥料產業(yè)快速發(fā)展，成為肥料生產和消費大國。但在肥料使用過程中，部分肥料包裝存在使用后被隨意棄置、掩埋或焚燒的情況，對農業(yè)生產和農村生態(tài)環(huán)境產生不利影響。

　　【農機網 熱點關注】 肥料是重要的農業(yè)生產資料，對保障國家糧食安全和農產品有效供給具有重要作用。目前，我國肥料產業(yè)快速發(fā)展，成為肥料生產和消費大國。但在肥料使用過程中，部分肥料包裝存在使用后被隨意棄置、掩埋或焚燒的情況，對農業(yè)生產和農村生態(tài)環(huán)境產生不利影響。為貫徹落實《中華人民共和國土壤污染防治法》，推進肥料包裝廢棄物回收處理，促進農業(yè)綠色發(fā)展，保護農村生態(tài)環(huán)境，近日，農業(yè)農村部辦公廳印發(fā)了《關于肥料包裝廢棄物回收處理的指導意見》。
 
　　《指導意見》明確，到2022年，在全國100個縣開展肥料包裝廢棄物回收處理試點。試點縣50%以上的行政村開展肥料包裝廢棄物回收處理工作，回收率達到80%以上。到2025年，試點縣肥料包裝廢棄物回收率達到90%以上，農民群眾肥料包裝廢棄物回收處理意識大幅提升，形成可復制、可推廣的肥料包裝廢棄物回收處理模式和工作機制，以示范帶動全國肥料包裝廢棄物回收處理。
 
　　明確回收處理范圍。肥料包裝廢棄物是指肥料使用后，被廢棄的與肥料直接接觸或含有肥料殘余物的包裝(瓶、罐、桶、袋等)。根據農業(yè)生產實際，回收處置范圍主要包括化學肥料、有機肥料、微生物肥料、水溶肥料、土壤調理劑等肥料包裝廢棄物。
 
　　明確回收處理主體。肥料生產者、銷售者和使用者是肥料包裝廢棄物回收的主體。引導肥料生產者、銷售者在其生產和經營場所設立肥料包裝廢棄物回收裝置，開展肥料包裝廢棄物回收。按照“誰生產、誰回收，誰銷售、誰回收，誰使用、誰回收”的原則，落實生產者、銷售者、使用者收集回收義務，確保不隨意棄置、掩埋或焚燒。鼓勵農業(yè)生產服務組織、供銷合作社、再生資源企業(yè)等開展肥料包裝廢棄物回收。
 
　　明確回收處理方式。對于具有再利用價值的肥料包裝廢棄物，發(fā)揮市場作用，建立使用者收集、市場主體回收、企業(yè)循環(huán)利用的回收機制。對于無再利用價值的肥料包裝廢棄物，由使用者定期歸集并交回村莊垃圾收集房(點、站)，實行定點堆放、分類回收。有條件的地方，可將無再利用價值的肥料包裝廢棄物納入農藥包裝廢棄物回收處理體系。
 
　　引導企業(yè)源頭減量。鼓勵肥料生產企業(yè)使用易資源化利用、易處置的包裝物，探索使用水溶性高分子等可降解的包裝物，逐步淘汰鋁箔包裝物，減少對環(huán)境的影響。鼓勵化肥、有機肥生產企業(yè)使用便于回收的大容量包裝物，水溶肥等液態(tài)肥生產企業(yè)盡量使用可回收二次利用包裝物，從源頭上減少肥料包裝廢棄物的產生。
 
　　鼓勵發(fā)展統(tǒng)配統(tǒng)施。大力推行肥料統(tǒng)配統(tǒng)施社會化服務。鼓勵肥料生產企業(yè)提供肥料產品個性化定制服務，定向為規(guī)模經營主體提供大規(guī)格包裝肥料產品。完善肥料標識內容和要求，在肥料包裝物上增加循環(huán)再生標志，引導回收主體進行分類收集處置。鼓勵和支持新型經營主體、社會化服務組織開展集中連片施肥作業(yè)服務，減少小包裝肥料廢棄物數量。
 
　　強化責任落實。嚴格落實分級負責的責任機制，把肥料包裝廢棄物回收利用納入鄉(xiāng)村振興總體工作中統(tǒng)籌安排，作為農村生態(tài)建設的重要內容，強化組織領導，聚集農業(yè)農村、生態(tài)環(huán)境、供銷、財政等多部門力量，統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃，協(xié)同推進。各地要在全面摸清肥料包裝廢棄物種類、數量等現狀情況的基礎上，制定回收利用實施方案，明確回收利用的目標、對象、路徑及政策，建立回收利用體系和長效運行機制。
 
　　完善政策措施。各地要結合實際需要和財力可能，積極支持肥料包裝廢棄物回收處理工作，鼓勵農民收集和上繳肥料包裝廢棄物，引導社會化服務組織、農業(yè)生產經營主體開展回收利用。有條件的地方，可采用政府購買服務等方式，引導社會力量參與肥料包裝廢棄物的回收利用。
 
　　加強監(jiān)督管理。建立健全肥料包裝廢棄物回收處理情況調查統(tǒng)計制度，掌握肥料包裝廢棄物利用狀況。加強對肥料包裝廢棄物回收利用的監(jiān)督。對肥料生產者、銷售者、使用者未及時回收肥料包裝廢棄物的，由地方人民政府農業(yè)農村主管部門按照《中華人民共和國土壤污染防治法》有關規(guī)定進行處罰。
 
　　加強宣傳引導。各地要采取多種形式大力宣傳肥料包裝廢棄物無序棄置的危害和回收處理要求，提高肥料生產者、銷售者、使用者回收利用肥料包裝廢棄物的意識，增強肥料生產者、銷售者自覺履行生態(tài)環(huán)境責任的積極性和主動性，引導廣大農民和新型經營主體等使用者自覺回收肥料包裝廢棄物，形成多方參與、共同治理的良好局面。

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