今日要聞

春耕備耕熱潮到來，保護(hù)性耕作這一可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)蔚然成風(fēng)

2020-03-13 16:10:04 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：四夕 閱讀量：44390 評論

導(dǎo)讀：當(dāng)前正值疫情防控和春耕備耕的關(guān)鍵時期，為統(tǒng)籌抓好新冠肺炎疫情防控和春耕生產(chǎn)工作，抓好春季農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)“藏糧于地、藏糧于技”， 我國多地都出臺了關(guān)于春耕生產(chǎn)工作的相關(guān)政策。其中，保護(hù)性耕作這一可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)愈加受到重視，大有蔚然成風(fēng)的趨勢。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】當(dāng)前正值疫情防控和春耕備耕的關(guān)鍵時期，為統(tǒng)籌抓好新冠肺炎疫情防控和春耕生產(chǎn)工作，抓好春季農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)“藏糧于地、藏糧于技”， 我國多地都出臺了關(guān)于春耕生產(chǎn)工作的相關(guān)政策。其中，保護(hù)性耕作這一可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)愈加受到重視，大有蔚然成風(fēng)的趨勢。
 
　　什么是保護(hù)性耕作？
 
　　什么是保護(hù)性耕作？顧名思義，保護(hù)性為重點(diǎn)，那么也就意味著我們在農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械活動過程中，要注意預(yù)防河流泛濫、 沙塵暴猖獗、土壤退化、水土流失等問題，否則就是“破壞性”耕作而非“保護(hù)性”耕作了。
 
　　保護(hù)性耕作以機(jī)械化為基礎(chǔ)，集成秸稈還田覆蓋、少免耕精量播種、高效植保和深松等技術(shù)，通過少耕、免耕、地表微地形改造技術(shù)及地表覆蓋、合理種植等綜合配套措施，從而減少農(nóng)田土壤侵蝕，保護(hù)農(nóng)田生態(tài)環(huán)境，并獲得生態(tài)效益、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益及社會效益協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，在蓄水保墑、培肥地力、節(jié)本增效、減少農(nóng)田土壤侵蝕和保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境等方面具有顯著成效，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)旱作地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)目標(biāo)和環(huán)境保護(hù)目標(biāo)“雙贏”，綠色、高效，是對傳統(tǒng)耕作的技術(shù)革命。
 
　　其涵蓋了秸稈殘茬處理、免(少)耕播種、機(jī)械化深松、雜草及病蟲害防治、土壤改良等五個方面，核心技術(shù)包括少耕、免耕、緩坡地等高耕作、溝壟耕作、殘茬覆蓋耕作、秸稈覆蓋等農(nóng)田土壤表面耕作技術(shù)及其配套的專用機(jī)具等，配套技術(shù)包括綠色覆蓋種植、作物輪作、帶狀種植、多作種植、合理密植、沙化草地恢復(fù)以及農(nóng)田防護(hù)林建設(shè)等。
 
　　主要技術(shù)內(nèi)容有什么？
 
　　少耕、免耕技術(shù)：免耕就是除播種之外不進(jìn)行任何耕作，用免耕播種機(jī)一次完成破茬開溝、施肥、播種、覆土和鎮(zhèn)壓作業(yè)，簡化工序，減少機(jī)械進(jìn)地次數(shù)，降低成本。少耕包括深松與表土耕作，深松即疏松深層土壤，基本上不破壞土壤結(jié)構(gòu)和地面植被，可提高天然降雨入滲率，增加土壤含水量。
 
　　秸稈覆蓋技術(shù)：主要分為秸稈粉碎還田覆蓋、整稈還田覆蓋和留茬覆蓋三種方式。將作物秸稈、殘茬覆蓋地表，在培肥地力的基礎(chǔ)上，用秸稈蓋土，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)根茬固土、保護(hù)土壤、減少風(fēng)蝕水蝕和水分無效蒸發(fā)、提高天然降雨利用率的作用。
 
　　合理化用水、藥和施肥技術(shù)：這也是保護(hù)性耕作技術(shù)的重要環(huán)節(jié)之一，包括節(jié)水灌溉技術(shù)、自控精確噴藥技術(shù)以及按需施肥及液態(tài)施肥技術(shù)。其目的是使農(nóng)藥和化肥用量實(shí)現(xiàn)更大范圍的節(jié)省，以及實(shí)現(xiàn)有效保護(hù)土壤環(huán)境。
 
　　為什么要推行保護(hù)性耕作？
 
　　東北黑土地保護(hù)性耕作被提升到國家農(nóng)業(yè)戰(zhàn)略層面，黑龍江省將保護(hù)性耕作重點(diǎn)放在解決機(jī)械化秸稈還田耕種上，在全省快速形成保護(hù)性耕作技術(shù)推廣勢頭。早在2004年，黑龍江省就開展了保護(hù)性耕作技術(shù)試驗(yàn)示范，圍繞秸稈還田提高地力這一核心，并探索出了適合當(dāng)?shù)氐谋Ｗo(hù)性耕作技術(shù)模式。而《東北黑土地保護(hù)性耕作國家行動計劃(2020—2025年)》，提出用5-6年，在東北適宜地區(qū)實(shí)施高質(zhì)量保護(hù)性耕作，找到一條運(yùn)用機(jī)械化手段解決東北黑土地保護(hù)問題的有效路徑，將保護(hù)性耕作納入到頂層設(shè)計制定中。
 
　　2019年遼寧沈陽舉辦的“秸稈綜合利用經(jīng)驗(yàn)交流活動”消息，截至12月，全國秸稈綜合利用率達(dá)到85.45%，有10個省利用率超過90%，有9個省利用率超過85%，近50%的縣區(qū)利用率超過90%，秸稈綜合利用總體呈現(xiàn)出穩(wěn)中有進(jìn)、穩(wěn)中向好的態(tài)勢。
 
　　2019年，黑龍江省財政投資43億元加大秸稈綜合利用率；甘肅省2020年中央財政提前下達(dá)部分農(nóng)業(yè)資源及生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)助資金主要用于支持農(nóng)作物秸稈綜合化利用2820萬元；江蘇省也提出要適度開展稻秸稈還田作業(yè)補(bǔ)助，鼓勵開展犁耕深翻作業(yè)補(bǔ)助……不僅如此，對購置秸稈還田、保護(hù)性耕作等農(nóng)機(jī)具，我國多地也實(shí)行了地方財政資金累加補(bǔ)貼政策，市場免耕作業(yè)機(jī)械保有量逐漸增加，各項(xiàng)政策利好為保護(hù)性耕作發(fā)展提供了生長土壤。

上一篇： 3.15話題：拿什么保護(hù)農(nóng)機(jī)消費(fèi)者權(quán)益？

下一篇：2020年，這幾個農(nóng)機(jī)領(lǐng)域?qū)⒊掷m(xù)“火熱”

我要評論
文明上網(wǎng)，理性發(fā)言。（您還可以輸入200個字符)

所有評論僅代表網(wǎng)友意見，與本站立場無關(guān)。

產(chǎn)品推薦 更多

[{"ID":"2936215","Picture":"5646a23e59c232715ee61a7bf0b5d5f6c8475c8e6fa35a8b96ab95a0814ec0494b1101e052ecc535.jpg","PictureDomain":"img77","Name":"國產(chǎn)防堵料開關(guān)價格","Type":"","Descrip":"防堵料開關(guān)YHLJ-I/KM溜槽堵塞檢測器安裝在溜槽側(cè)壁上，當(dāng)溜槽內(nèi)發(fā)生堵塞時，堆積的物料擠壓活動門，并使之偏移而啟動行程開關(guān)，發(fā)出告警或停機(jī)信號。排除故障后，活動門在壓簧作用下自動復(fù)位。","CompanyName":"麻城施邁賽工業(yè)自動化有限公司","CompanyID":"129135","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"191","City":"黃岡市","Address":"黃岡市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"65","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51559363","StandUrl":"/st129135","UpdateTime":"2024/12/23 8:03:21","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102936215","UserID":"142124","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1687982","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"向楊","TelPhone":"0713-2117311","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"接近開關(guān)、光電開關(guān)、拉繩開關(guān)、跑偏開關(guān)、打滑開關(guān)、磁性開關(guān)、傾斜開關(guān)、縱向撕裂開關(guān)、溜槽堵塞開關(guān)、行程開關(guān)","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"31389","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/3/21 15:06:52","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13636102066"},{"ID":"3180936","Picture":"mt0001/e6f2b0f98c8fa862e0ada21b3dec4c4d2516d5d1db080755eecb632ed4c2fe780cafdf9406dbd903.jpg","PictureDomain":"img50","Name":"南京結(jié)晶度測試儀廠家","Type":"","Descrip":"DZ-DSC300 差示掃描量熱儀采用了全新的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計，保溫性高，彩色觸摸屏顯示，并且可以測量玻璃化轉(zhuǎn)變溫度、結(jié)晶等。","CompanyName":"南京大展檢測儀器有限公司","CompanyID":"141344","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"86","City":"南京市","Address":"南京市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"164","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51559352","StandUrl":"/st141344","UpdateTime":"2024/12/23 7:52:38","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103180936","UserID":"154340","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1973117","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"陳經(jīng)理","TelPhone":"400-885-2060","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"差示掃描量熱儀、熱重分析儀、同步熱分析儀、炭黑含量測試儀、導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)測試儀和差熱分析儀等儀器的研發(fā)、制造。","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"2269","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/11/8 4:04:39","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13357721930"},{"ID":"3143398","Picture":"mt0001/62b67f438055e754ecf537370a811bc94f42faf9f25dc1090b265bcc9ddbeebf1f2fca23ca12cc4a.jpg","PictureDomain":"img78","Name":"氣套式二氧化碳培養(yǎng)箱多少錢","Type":"HHCP","Descrip":"HHCP水套式二氧化碳培養(yǎng)箱是細(xì)胞、組織、細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)的一種良好儀器。是開展免疫學(xué)、腫瘤學(xué)、遺傳學(xué)及生物工程*的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備。廣泛應(yīng)用與微生物、農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)、藥物學(xué)的研究和生產(chǎn)。","CompanyName":"寧波賽茵儀器有限公司","CompanyID":"140663","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"100","City":"寧波市","Address":"寧波市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"91","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51559351","StandUrl":"/st140663","UpdateTime":"2024/12/23 7:51:03","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103143398","UserID":"153653","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1946446","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"夏三宇","TelPhone":"86-0574-88365938","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"真空烘箱,恒溫干燥箱,培養(yǎng)箱,恒溫恒濕箱","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"4123","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/9/18 19:18:31","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13616560682"},{"ID":"2940245","Picture":"dabac5fac07fb39ae7a95ee90e866cb6ed84254339bf0043d00395730087243efe498037de449d8e.jpg","PictureDomain":"img68","Name":"供應(yīng)鴿子性別鑒定儀器報價","Type":"WX-GZ1","Descrip":"鴿子性別鑒定儀器WX-GZ1操作簡單，可無傷害鑒別鴿子性別，準(zhǔn)確率達(dá)到99.9%，采用歐司朗高靈敏度，高信噪比光電二極管對微弱輻射熒光信號進(jìn)行采集，為熒光檢測提供更高的靈敏度","CompanyName":"山東萬象環(huán)境科技有限公司","CompanyID":"129287","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"153","City":"濰坊市","Address":"濰坊市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"96","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51559349","StandUrl":"/st129287","UpdateTime":"2024/12/23 7:49:07","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102940245","UserID":"142276","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1685038","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"毛志磊","TelPhone":"0536-2117918","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"氣象站，土壤墑情監(jiān)測站，負(fù)氧離子監(jiān)測站，非洲豬瘟檢測儀，cems煙氣監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"28068","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/3/22 14:57:03","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"15666889815"},{"ID":"2749802","Picture":"5eceadd4559dcfd2fd4ab81132f5ef041436d8b830e83df8b1adb9a094ecd5557b6feec5a5efaeff.jpg","PictureDomain":"img63","Name":"推焦?fàn)t車BHGF剛體滑觸線哪家好","Type":"500A、630A、800A、1000A、1250A","Descrip":"BHGF復(fù)合型剛體滑觸線，剛體滑觸線由梯型銅棒和槽鋼或由“T”型銅排和槽型鋁結(jié)合相構(gòu)成。用高強(qiáng)度專用絕緣子作支撐，從而組成向各種起重機(jī)械設(shè)備饋電的移動滑觸線。","CompanyName":"揚(yáng)州市天翔電氣有限公司","CompanyID":"128919","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"95","City":"揚(yáng)州市","Address":"揚(yáng)州市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"173","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51559348","StandUrl":"/st128919","UpdateTime":"2024/12/23 7:48:11","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"0","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102749802","UserID":"141908","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1670110","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"柏海嬌","TelPhone":"0514-88276827","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"電纜滑線，單極滑觸線，多極滑觸線，行車滑觸線，無接縫滑觸線，剛體滑觸線，滑觸線集電器，滑觸線配件，電纜橋架，母線槽","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"2","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"18263","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2023/5/24 18:08:02","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"18118278897"},{"ID":"3179014","Picture":"mt0001/92b8cee7c1618c63b0ee415af262d74a6243f03c84f765f02870258a3bbca18519dbc47b343d0bee.png","PictureDomain":"img80","Name":"HONO監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)公司","Type":"","Descrip":"HONO監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)使用吸收液，利用氣液之間的擴(kuò)散，將采樣氣體中的HONO轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閬喯跛岣∟O2-），后續(xù)利用雙通道長光程吸收光譜法（LOPAP）進(jìn)行測量。長光程吸收光譜法（LOPAP）是現(xiàn)今無論是實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究還是外場觀測中應(yīng)用廣泛的測量氣態(tài)亞硝酸濃度的濕化學(xué)方法。","CompanyName":"北京馳晟儀器科技有限公司","CompanyID":"141121","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"1","City":"北京市","Address":"北京市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"53","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51559347","StandUrl":"/st141121","UpdateTime":"2024/12/23 7:47:17","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103179014","UserID":"154111","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1964977","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"侯旭朝","TelPhone":"86-010-60724811","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"分析儀器，環(huán)境分析儀器，進(jìn)口二手色譜，實(shí)驗(yàn)室儀器維護(hù)","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"2932","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/11/5 13:50:55","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13810462156"}]