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江蘇省采取這些措施防控草地貪夜蛾入侵危害

2020-03-16 14:30:51 來源:農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:23293 評論

導(dǎo)讀:近日,江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳發(fā)布《2020年江蘇省草地貪夜蛾防控方案》要求各地“早謀劃、早預(yù)警、早準(zhǔn)備、早處置”,提前做好今年草地貪夜蛾監(jiān)測與防控,保障全年糧食生產(chǎn)安全。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】 近日,江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳發(fā)布《2020年江蘇省草地貪夜蛾防控方案》要求各地“早謀劃、早預(yù)警、早準(zhǔn)備、早處置”,提前做好今年草地貪夜蛾監(jiān)測與防控,保障全年糧食生產(chǎn)安全。
 
  《防控方案》表示,今年草地貪夜蛾在我國南方發(fā)生早、基數(shù)大,春夏季將與境外蟲源混合北遷,威脅江蘇省玉米等糧食作物生產(chǎn)安全。預(yù)計今年遷入江蘇省時間將較上年提早1個月左右,發(fā)生代次增加1-2代;發(fā)生面積擴(kuò)大。江蘇省種植制度復(fù)雜、作物種類多,尤其是玉米種植時間跨度長、茬口多,有利于該蟲在玉米等種植區(qū)擴(kuò)散蔓延,將大大超過去年的發(fā)生面積水平。如遷入提前,小麥等作物也存在受害風(fēng)險。
 
  《防控方案》明確防控目標(biāo)為:主攻春夏遷入代害蟲,誘殺成蟲,撲殺幼蟲,實現(xiàn)“兩個確保”,即確保蟲口密度達(dá)標(biāo)區(qū)應(yīng)防盡防,防治處置率90%以上;確保玉米等作物發(fā)生區(qū)域不大面積連片成災(zāi),綜合防治效果85%以上,總體危害損失控制在5%以內(nèi)。
 
  防控對策包括:
 
  (一)早發(fā)現(xiàn)早預(yù)警。全面開展監(jiān)測。玉米主產(chǎn)區(qū)要做到“縣有觀測場、鄉(xiāng)有監(jiān)測點、村有調(diào)查田”;及時開展大田普查,力爭做到縣不漏鄉(xiāng)、鄉(xiāng)不漏村、村不漏田。以玉米為重點,兼顧小麥、花生、大豆、水稻及蔬菜等其它作物,確保及時發(fā)現(xiàn)、全面把握、及早預(yù)警;及時報送信息。以縣為單位,初次查見地當(dāng)天上報,已發(fā)生區(qū)“一周一報”,3-10月通過“全國草地貪夜蛾發(fā)生防控信息平臺”及時填報監(jiān)測調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)和防控進(jìn)展情況,重大災(zāi)情信息及時報送本級人民政府、上級農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村主管部門和植保植檢機(jī)構(gòu),確保早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早報告;準(zhǔn)確發(fā)布預(yù)警。各地根據(jù)省里發(fā)布的趨勢分析,結(jié)合地方監(jiān)測調(diào)查,科學(xué)判斷害蟲發(fā)生時期、發(fā)生程度、發(fā)生面積、重發(fā)區(qū)域和防治適期,及時準(zhǔn)確發(fā)布蟲情預(yù)報和防控技術(shù)信息,并通過電視、廣播、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等多種形式廣泛宣傳,提高信息覆蓋率和到位率,更好地服務(wù)防控決策和基層防控需求。
 
  (二)優(yōu)化技術(shù)措施。
 
  1、主要技術(shù)措施。一是理化誘殺。在成蟲發(fā)生盛期,綜合運用燈誘、性誘、食誘等理化誘控技術(shù),誘殺成蟲,減少田間產(chǎn)卵量、壓低發(fā)生基數(shù)。二是生物防治。保護(hù)和利用夜蛾黑小蜂、螟黃赤眼蜂等天敵控制害蟲;在害蟲低密度發(fā)生區(qū),使用短穩(wěn)桿菌、核型多角體病毒(NPV)等生物農(nóng)藥。三是化學(xué)防治。對蟲量達(dá)標(biāo)田塊,掌握在低齡幼蟲期,選用高效安全藥劑科學(xué)防治;防控藥劑可在我省2020年綠色防控技術(shù)產(chǎn)品推介名錄中選擇;注意農(nóng)藥交替使用,確保在有效控制危害的同時,實現(xiàn)綠色高效和農(nóng)藥減量。
 
  2、分區(qū)分級防控要求。對分散或點狀發(fā)生的地區(qū)和田塊,要組織開展群防群治,做到帶藥偵查和點殺點治;對連片發(fā)生區(qū)域,要組織植保專業(yè)防治組織開展統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治和聯(lián)防聯(lián)控。對高密度發(fā)生區(qū),要以化學(xué)防控為主,快速高效撲殺幼蟲,壓低蟲口基數(shù);對低密度發(fā)生區(qū),可綜合應(yīng)用理化誘殺、生物防治和科學(xué)用藥等措施控害。對鮮食玉米和青儲玉米,要以理化誘殺、生物防治為主,兼顧使用高效安全農(nóng)藥;對普通籽粒玉米,可依據(jù)發(fā)生程度,選擇以理化誘殺、生物防治為主的綠色防控措施或以化學(xué)防控為主的應(yīng)急防控技術(shù)措施。
 
  3、時序任務(wù)要求。3—6月,密切監(jiān)測遷入動態(tài),淮南地區(qū)全面普查春玉米(重點是早播玉米)和冬小麥等作物發(fā)生情況;7—10月,夏秋季重點做好夏玉米等作物害蟲監(jiān)測與防控,兼顧秋玉米、秋播小麥等作物,采用物理誘殺、化學(xué)防治等措施,大限度降低危害損失。
 
  (三)做好應(yīng)急預(yù)案
 
  1、儲備應(yīng)急防控物資。各地農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部門應(yīng)根據(jù)應(yīng)急防治需要,及早制訂本地應(yīng)急防治藥劑目錄,儲備必要的高效藥劑和大中型植保器械等防治物資。同時,指導(dǎo)農(nóng)藥械生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營企業(yè)做好供應(yīng)儲備。要多渠道爭取財政資金,用于應(yīng)急防治物資采購。
 
  2、健全應(yīng)急防控組織。以省級“五有五好”專業(yè)化病蟲害防治服務(wù)組織為應(yīng)急防控主力軍,統(tǒng)籌其他各類社會化服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu),強(qiáng)化防控演練,逐步健全應(yīng)急防控組織體系,提升服務(wù)能力,確保關(guān)鍵時候拉得出、打得響、防得住,提高草地貪夜蛾應(yīng)急防控能力和水平。
 
  3、適時組織應(yīng)急防控。對區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)害蟲達(dá)偏重及以上、危害面積占種植面積的達(dá)到30%時,立即將預(yù)警信息報送本級人民政府和上級農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部門,并提出應(yīng)急防治對策建議,劃定應(yīng)急防治范圍,迅速采取應(yīng)急措施,全力控制危害,大限度降低危害損失。
 
  本文由農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)(m.tmpdc.cn)整理發(fā)布,資料來源:江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳 ,如有侵權(quán)或異議請聯(lián)系我們。
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