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云南省關于2019年耕地質量等級情況的通告

2020-07-03 15:50:24 來源:云南省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳 閱讀量:21490 評論

導讀:評價以全省9315萬畝耕地為基數(shù),以土地利用現(xiàn)狀圖、土壤圖、行政區(qū)劃圖疊加形成評價單元,選取立地條件、剖面性狀、耕層理化性狀、養(yǎng)分狀況、土壤健康狀況和土壤管理等方面指標對耕地質量進行綜合評價,完成全省耕地質量等級劃分。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 通知公告】 2019年,云南省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳依據(jù)《耕地質量調查監(jiān)測與評價辦法》(農(nóng)業(yè)部令2016年第2號)和《耕地質量等級》(GB/T33469—2016)國家標準,組織完成全省耕地質量等級調查評價工作。評價以全省9315萬畝耕地為基數(shù),以土地利用現(xiàn)狀圖、土壤圖、行政區(qū)劃圖疊加形成評價單元,選取立地條件、剖面性狀、耕層理化性狀、養(yǎng)分狀況、土壤健康狀況和土壤管理等方面指標對耕地質量進行綜合評價,完成全省耕地質量等級劃分。現(xiàn)將結果公布如下:
 
  一、全省耕地質量總體情況
 
  全省耕地按質量等級由高到低依次劃分為一至十等,平均等級為5.62等。評價為一至三等地的高等級耕地面積為1807.89萬畝,占全省耕地總面積的19.41%。這部分耕地基礎地力較高,灌排能力較好,障礙因素不明顯,在實際生產(chǎn)中應注重用養(yǎng)結合,確保耕地質量穩(wěn)中有升。評價為四至六等的中等級耕地面積為4100.81萬畝,占全省耕地總面積的44.02%。這部分耕地所處環(huán)境氣候條件基本適宜,農(nóng)田灌溉設施條件相對較好,障礙因素較不明顯,是今后糧食增產(chǎn)的關鍵區(qū)域。評價為七至十等的低等級耕地面積為3406.31萬畝,占全省耕地總面積的36.57%。這部分耕地基礎地力相對較差,產(chǎn)量不穩(wěn)定,屬低產(chǎn)田地,短時間內(nèi)較難得到根本改善,需持續(xù)開展農(nóng)田基礎設施建設和耕地質量提升。
 
  表1 云南省耕地質量等級面積比例
 
二、不同區(qū)域耕地質量情況
 
  按照《耕地質量等級》(GB/T33469—2016)國家標準中關于耕地質量等級劃分區(qū)域范圍的有關規(guī)定,云南省劃入我國九區(qū)之西南區(qū)、華南區(qū)和青藏區(qū)3個農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)。分屬西南區(qū)川滇高原山地農(nóng)林牧二區(qū)、華南區(qū)滇南農(nóng)林二區(qū)和青藏區(qū)川藏林農(nóng)牧二區(qū)(見圖1)。耕地質量等級情況分述如下:
 
圖1 耕地質量等級調查評價區(qū)劃圖
 
  (一)西南區(qū)。包括12個州(市)、77個縣(市、區(qū)),總耕地面積5484.60萬畝,占全省耕地總面積的58.88%,平均等級為4.95等。
 
  評價為一至三等地的高等級耕地面積為1373.23萬畝,占西南區(qū)耕地面積的25.04%。主要分布在曲靖、昆明、楚雄、大理等州(市),以水稻土和紅壤為主,沒有明顯障礙因素。評價為四至六等的中等級耕地面積為2869.43萬畝,占西南區(qū)耕地面積的52.32%。主要分布在曲靖、昭通、昆明、楚雄、文山及大理等州(市),以紅壤和水稻土為主,基礎地力中等,灌排條件一般,存在酸化、障礙層次等障礙因素。評價為七至十等的低等級耕地面積為1241.94萬畝,占西南區(qū)耕地面積的22.64%。主要分布于昭通、曲靖、大理等州(市),以紅壤、黃壤、水稻土和黃棕壤為主,立地條件較差,土層淺薄,存在酸化、潛育化、瘠薄、障礙層次等障礙因素。針對酸化問題,可采用化學改良劑、施用堿性肥料等措施進行改良;針對瘠薄、障礙層次等問題,可采取聚土壟作或橫坡耕作等措施減少水土流失,同時,增施有機肥料培肥地力,逐步改善土壤結構;針對潛育化問題,可采取開溝排水或放水曬田等措施加以緩解。
 
圖2 西南區(qū)耕地質量等級比例分布圖
 
  (二)華南區(qū)。包括8個州(市)、47個縣(市、區(qū)),總耕地面積3726.81萬畝,占全省耕地總面積的40.01%,平均等級為6.56等。
 
  評價為一至三等地的高等級耕地面積為428.23萬畝,占華南區(qū)耕地面積的11.49%。主要分布在紅河州、保山等州(市),以水稻土為主,沒有明顯障礙因素。評價為四至六等的中等級耕地面積為1199.39萬畝,占華南區(qū)耕地面積的32.18%。主要分布紅河、臨滄、文山、普洱等州(市),以水稻土、紅壤和赤紅壤為主,基礎地力中等,灌溉條件一般,部分耕地存在潛育化等障礙因素。評價為七至十等的低等級耕地面積為2099.19萬畝,占華南區(qū)耕地面積的56.33%。主要分布在普洱、臨滄、紅河和文山等山地區(qū)域,以水稻土、紅壤及赤紅壤為主,基礎地力相對較差,農(nóng)田基礎設施缺乏,部分耕地存在酸化、瘠薄等障礙因素(見圖3)。針對基礎設施缺乏問題,應重點完善配套農(nóng)田水利設施,推廣秸稈還田等技術培肥地力,提高耕地綜合生產(chǎn)能力;針對酸化問題,可施用土壤調理劑、增施有機肥等措施加以改良;針對瘠薄問題,可通過秸稈還田、種植綠肥、增施有機肥等措施培肥熟化土壤,逐步改善耕層理化性狀和養(yǎng)分狀況。
 
圖3 華南區(qū)耕地質量等級比例分布圖
 
  (三)青藏區(qū)。包括2個州(市)、5個縣(市、區(qū)),總耕地面積103.59萬畝,占全省耕地總面積的1.11%,平均等級為6.92等。
 
  評價為一至三等地的高等級耕地面積為6.43萬畝,占青藏區(qū)耕地面積的6.21%。全部分布于迪慶州,以水稻土為主。這部分耕地基礎地力較高,沒有明顯障礙因素。評價為四至六等的中等級耕地面積為31.99萬畝,占青藏區(qū)耕地面積的30.88%。散布于迪慶州、怒江州等山地坡下處,以水稻土和紅壤為主,這部分耕地地塊較為破碎,土壤肥力差,土層淺薄,灌溉能力差。評價為七至十等的低等級耕地面積為65.17萬畝,占青藏區(qū)耕地面積的62.91%。主要集中迪慶州、怒江州的山地中上部,以黃棕壤和棕壤為主,這部分耕地海拔高,且土層較薄,灌溉能力差,耕地生產(chǎn)能力較低。針對高海拔生態(tài)脆弱地區(qū),可通過建設農(nóng)田防護林網(wǎng)、合理輪作等措施加強農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)保護,改善農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境;針對灌溉不足問題,應通過持續(xù)推進高標準農(nóng)田建設,實施節(jié)水灌溉技術,提高水肥利用效率。
 
圖4 青藏區(qū)耕地質量等級比例分布圖
 
  云南省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳
 
  2020年6月28日
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