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2916億斤!2021年夏糧再獲豐收,“秘訣”是什么?

2021-07-14 17:35:51 來源:農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 閱讀量:59422 評論

導讀:7月14日,國家統(tǒng)計局發(fā)布了2021年夏糧產(chǎn)量數(shù)據(jù)。數(shù)據(jù)顯示,2021年全國夏糧總產(chǎn)量為14582萬噸(2916億斤),比2020年增加296.7萬噸(59.3億斤),增長2.1%。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 7月14日,國家統(tǒng)計局發(fā)布了2021年夏糧產(chǎn)量數(shù)據(jù)。數(shù)據(jù)顯示,2021年全國夏糧總產(chǎn)量為14582萬噸(2916億斤),比2020年增加296.7萬噸(59.3億斤),增長2.1%。其中小麥產(chǎn)量13434萬噸(2687億斤),比2020年增加258.9萬噸(51.8億斤),增長2.0%。國家統(tǒng)計局農(nóng)村司司長李鎖強表示,2021年夏糧播種面積恢復性增長,單產(chǎn)穩(wěn)步提高,夏糧喜獲豐收。
 
  2021年夏糧豐收,可以說為全年糧食產(chǎn)量保持在1.3萬億斤以上奠定了堅實基礎(chǔ),為“十四五”開好局、起好步,推動經(jīng)濟社會高質(zhì)量發(fā)展,構(gòu)建新發(fā)展格局提供了有力支撐。
 
  今年夏糧喜獲豐收,且產(chǎn)量較去年增長了296.7萬噸,除夏糧播種面積增長外,還有幾個因素起了重要作用:科技因素、高度機械化生產(chǎn)以及今年備受重視的機收減損等。
 

 

  新技術(shù)+新裝備
 
  根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部的消息,今年三夏全國投入1650萬臺各類農(nóng)機,充分保障了夏收夏種順利進行,其中小麥聯(lián)合收割機超過60萬臺,參與跨區(qū)機收的機具約25萬臺。整體上,今年全國小麥機收率達到了97%。
 
  同時,物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)、移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等信息技術(shù)在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用也是糧食豐收的重要“科技因素”。無人機植保、無人駕駛農(nóng)機等新裝備紛紛投入到農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,各地科學調(diào)度農(nóng)機作業(yè),有效地促進了服務(wù)供需對接,不斷推進智慧農(nóng)業(yè)。有數(shù)據(jù)表明,自動駕駛收割機比傳統(tǒng)收割機每畝地能多收60斤~80斤小麥。而隨著人工智能農(nóng)機的應(yīng)用范圍越來越廣,機器越來越智能和聰明,對更復雜的工況適應(yīng)能力也越來越強。農(nóng)機作業(yè)對農(nóng)機手的技能依賴度大大降低,十分有利于農(nóng)業(yè)標準化生產(chǎn)和糧食豐收。
 
  機收減損,顆粒歸倉
 
  在農(nóng)機化作業(yè)水平全面提升的同時,“機收減損”是今年夏糧產(chǎn)量增加的因素之一。本質(zhì)上來說,降低機收損耗就相當于增加了種植面積和糧食產(chǎn)量。今年中央一號文件明確指出,開展糧食節(jié)約行動,減少生產(chǎn)、流通、加工、存儲、消費環(huán)節(jié)糧食損耗浪費。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部部長唐仁健表示,要狠抓夏收減損,持續(xù)提升農(nóng)機技術(shù)管理水平,努力在機收減損上挖潛力,促進增產(chǎn)增收。
 
  因此,今年三夏中各地都在十分重視“機收減損”問題:強化作業(yè)管理和宣傳培訓,組織開展機收損失標準宣教,做好機手培訓,提高規(guī)范作業(yè)能力,加強督促檢查,引導供需雙方把作業(yè)質(zhì)量要求列入作業(yè)合同。強化技術(shù)指導和組織調(diào)度,引導農(nóng)戶和機手選擇合適機具和適宜割期,針對作物因災倒伏等特殊情況,迅速調(diào)度適用機具,因田因時調(diào)整參數(shù),最大限度降低損失。強化農(nóng)機研發(fā)和推廣應(yīng)用,加大政策支持力度,鼓勵科研機構(gòu)和生產(chǎn)企業(yè)研究開發(fā)高效低損收獲機,發(fā)揮好報廢更新補貼政策引導作用,優(yōu)先支持聯(lián)合收割機等糧食生產(chǎn)機械報廢更新,促進農(nóng)機升級換代。
 
  除此之外,小麥產(chǎn)量增加、單產(chǎn)提高,還要得益于良種和節(jié)水節(jié)肥等綜合技術(shù)的廣泛實施。在小麥主產(chǎn)區(qū)之一的河北省,今年推廣應(yīng)用了小麥節(jié)水節(jié)肥綜合技術(shù),實行了精準播期播量、測土配方施肥、免澆越冬水等8項栽培技術(shù),保障小麥保質(zhì)保量生產(chǎn);而同樣作為主產(chǎn)區(qū)的河南省,近幾年小麥持續(xù)增產(chǎn),良種的貢獻率接近50%。河南省以全國6.5%的耕地面積,每年生產(chǎn)了全國1/4左右的小麥,這里面很大程度上離不開良種的支撐。良種小麥具有強筋優(yōu)質(zhì)、抗病抗凍和高抗倒伏等特性,莖稈粗壯筆直、麥穗豐滿喜人,一定程度上提高了小麥單產(chǎn)產(chǎn)量。
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