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江蘇、浙江、重慶等?。ㄊ校╅_(kāi)展“四分”研究典型做法

2021-12-10 10:18:37 來(lái)源:農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化管理司 閱讀量:15892 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀:扎實(shí)開(kāi)展分區(qū)域、分產(chǎn)業(yè)、分品種、分環(huán)節(jié)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展目標(biāo)任務(wù)研究,推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化全程全面和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展,取得了積極成效。現(xiàn)將江蘇、浙江、重慶等省(市)典型做法予以刊發(fā),供各地交流學(xué)習(xí)。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】  編者按: 今年以來(lái),各地認(rèn)真貫徹《農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化管理司關(guān)于開(kāi)展“十四五”和2035年農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展目標(biāo)任務(wù)研究的函》(農(nóng)機(jī)政〔2021〕56號(hào))有關(guān)要求,扎實(shí)開(kāi)展分區(qū)域、分產(chǎn)業(yè)、分品種、分環(huán)節(jié)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展目標(biāo)任務(wù)研究,推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化全程全面和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展,取得了積極成效。現(xiàn)將江蘇、浙江、重慶等省(市)典型做法予以刊發(fā),供各地交流學(xué)習(xí)。
 
以“四分”研究為抓手 打好農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展“組合拳”
 
江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳
 
  江蘇在率先整省實(shí)現(xiàn)糧食生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化的基礎(chǔ)上,分區(qū)域、分產(chǎn)業(yè)、分品種、分環(huán)節(jié)推動(dòng)農(nóng)林牧漁和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品初加工機(jī)械化全面發(fā)展,多措并舉,加快打造農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展升級(jí)版,預(yù)計(jì)2021年全省農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率達(dá)到83%左右,畜牧業(yè)、林果業(yè)、漁業(yè)、設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品初加工機(jī)械化率總體接近60%。
 
  一、成立研究專班,形成工作合力
 
  成立由分管廳長(zhǎng)任組長(zhǎng)的“四分”專題研究組,省市縣三級(jí)聯(lián)動(dòng),產(chǎn)學(xué)研推四維一體,共同研究查找薄弱環(huán)節(jié),合力解決農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展難題。印發(fā)《關(guān)于開(kāi)展農(nóng)機(jī)化目標(biāo)任務(wù)“四分”研究工作的通知》,推動(dòng)市、縣用“四分”方法研究農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展。省“四分”專題研究組按產(chǎn)業(yè)分類設(shè)置主要農(nóng)作物、畜牧業(yè)、林果業(yè)、漁業(yè)、設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品初加工和基本實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化指標(biāo)體系等7個(gè)研究小組,分頭指導(dǎo)市、縣工作。加強(qiáng)與相關(guān)部門、產(chǎn)業(yè)處室協(xié)調(diào),主動(dòng)吸收科研院所、生產(chǎn)企業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體意見(jiàn)。分產(chǎn)業(yè)、品種梳理制定“十四五”和2035年發(fā)展目標(biāo),編制《江蘇省“十四五”農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展規(guī)劃》,啟動(dòng)實(shí)施農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)全程全面機(jī)械化推進(jìn)和農(nóng)機(jī)裝備智能化綠色化提升“兩大行動(dòng)”。
 
  二、梳理短板弱項(xiàng),做強(qiáng)農(nóng)機(jī)裝備供應(yīng)鏈
 
  結(jié)合“四分”研究,對(duì)照梳理的短板弱項(xiàng),加強(qiáng)農(nóng)機(jī)裝備技術(shù)研發(fā)創(chuàng)新,解決部分產(chǎn)業(yè)、品種、環(huán)節(jié)“無(wú)機(jī)可用,無(wú)好機(jī)用”的矛盾。一是開(kāi)展農(nóng)機(jī)裝備產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展研究。梳理產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈邊界、細(xì)分領(lǐng)域、核心環(huán)節(jié),分類編制“五圖六清單”,排出重點(diǎn)企業(yè)56家、重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目40個(gè)、長(zhǎng)板技術(shù)10項(xiàng)、短板技術(shù)23項(xiàng)。將高端精密液壓件、大馬力拖拉機(jī)動(dòng)力換檔和無(wú)級(jí)變速器、農(nóng)業(yè)智能傳感器、高效復(fù)合型農(nóng)機(jī)具等關(guān)鍵部件和整機(jī)裝備列入農(nóng)機(jī)卡脖子技術(shù)清單,組織高校、科研院所、龍頭企業(yè)聯(lián)合攻關(guān)。二是實(shí)施“揭榜掛帥”,加強(qiáng)農(nóng)機(jī)裝備技術(shù)研發(fā)推廣。支持引導(dǎo)企業(yè)和科研院所揭榜開(kāi)展農(nóng)機(jī)化短板弱項(xiàng)技術(shù)研發(fā)。2021年,省財(cái)政安排現(xiàn)代農(nóng)機(jī)裝備與技術(shù)示范推廣項(xiàng)目經(jīng)費(fèi)4550萬(wàn)元,立項(xiàng)65項(xiàng),覆蓋蔬菜、林果茶、畜禽、漁業(yè)、特經(jīng)作物、糧食、智能裝備等多個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)。三是強(qiáng)化產(chǎn)學(xué)研推結(jié)合。積極推動(dòng)省政府、教育部、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部共建江蘇大學(xué),支持農(nóng)機(jī)裝備再制造重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室、無(wú)人農(nóng)機(jī)系統(tǒng)與農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室、現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)裝備與技術(shù)協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心等通過(guò)論證建設(shè),支持江蘇大學(xué)建設(shè)農(nóng)機(jī)學(xué)科一流大學(xué)。構(gòu)建“金扁擔(dān)”校企對(duì)接平臺(tái),組織南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)等8所院校分別與沃得、洋馬、光明牧業(yè)等16家企業(yè)簽訂合作協(xié)議,內(nèi)容涵蓋科技研發(fā)、人才培養(yǎng)、技術(shù)推廣等各方面。四是打造載體平臺(tái)。舉辦江蘇國(guó)際農(nóng)機(jī)展,12個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的300多家農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)展出各類新產(chǎn)品新裝備,形成“耕、種、管、收、加工、儲(chǔ)存、流通”機(jī)械化全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈展示的新格局,構(gòu)建了集農(nóng)機(jī)裝備科技創(chuàng)新、示范推廣、國(guó)際合作和展示交易為一體的重要平臺(tái)。
 
  三、突破薄弱環(huán)節(jié),推動(dòng)特色農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化快速發(fā)展
 
  采取“全面開(kāi)展,重點(diǎn)突破”的方法,在全面調(diào)度面上情況的基礎(chǔ)上,分品種建立調(diào)查樣本,對(duì)大宗農(nóng)作物研究的同時(shí),加強(qiáng)本地特色農(nóng)作物研究,并應(yīng)用研究成果,出臺(tái)針對(duì)性措施。一是將特色農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化水平列入省鄉(xiāng)村振興實(shí)績(jī)考核。鄉(xiāng)村振興實(shí)績(jī)考核是對(duì)市、縣黨委、政府農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村工作進(jìn)行量化考核的項(xiàng)目,結(jié)果同步應(yīng)用于年度全面發(fā)展評(píng)價(jià),層次高,力度大,社會(huì)關(guān)注度高。在考核引導(dǎo)下,無(wú)錫、常州、蘇州、鹽城等地,出臺(tái)特色農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化示范園區(qū)建設(shè)獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)政策;南京、揚(yáng)州、鎮(zhèn)江、泰州、南通等地,落實(shí)長(zhǎng)江流域禁捕退捕工作要求,有序推進(jìn)圍網(wǎng)養(yǎng)殖模式退出;徐州、宿遷、淮安、連云港等地加快老舊畜禽養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)改造,推進(jìn)養(yǎng)殖機(jī)械標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化配置,先后淘汰落后養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)1萬(wàn)余個(gè)。二是明確技術(shù)路線。針對(duì)短板弱項(xiàng),印發(fā)《江蘇省推進(jìn)畜牧業(yè)機(jī)械化高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的實(shí)施意見(jiàn)》,發(fā)布《典型蔬菜機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)模式與案例》《蔬菜生產(chǎn)主要環(huán)節(jié)適用的農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品信息》《果茶桑生產(chǎn)主要環(huán)節(jié)適用的農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品信息》和《水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖主要環(huán)節(jié)適用漁業(yè)裝備產(chǎn)品信息》,精準(zhǔn)指導(dǎo)特色農(nóng)機(jī)裝備與技術(shù)推廣。三是加快推廣應(yīng)用。開(kāi)展全程全面機(jī)械化示范縣創(chuàng)建活動(dòng),協(xié)調(diào)落實(shí)“十四五”示范縣建設(shè)資金5億元,在全部涉農(nóng)縣(市、區(qū))分步推進(jìn)示范建設(shè)。今年已預(yù)撥1億元支持25個(gè)縣(市、區(qū))先行建設(shè)試點(diǎn)。借鑒糧食生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化推廣的方式方法,培育典型、總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn),集全系統(tǒng)之力,多層次舉辦技術(shù)培訓(xùn)班、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)推進(jìn)會(huì),由點(diǎn)及面,推動(dòng)全省特色農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械應(yīng)用。省級(jí)開(kāi)展果園機(jī)械化裝備技術(shù)田間推廣日、蔬菜生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化新裝備新技術(shù)展演示等活動(dòng),全省舉辦各類培訓(xùn)班、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)會(huì)500余場(chǎng)次。
 
以“四分”研究為指引 深入開(kāi)展機(jī)械強(qiáng)農(nóng)行動(dòng)
 
浙江省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳
 
  今年,省委省政府對(duì)農(nóng)機(jī)化工作高度重視,部署實(shí)施“科技強(qiáng)農(nóng)、機(jī)械強(qiáng)農(nóng)”行動(dòng),以機(jī)械強(qiáng)農(nóng)作為農(nóng)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的重要抓手。浙江是全國(guó)11個(gè)南方丘陵山區(qū)省份之一,有“七山一水二分田”之稱,省域內(nèi)地形差異和產(chǎn)業(yè)分類多樣,必須按照分區(qū)域、分產(chǎn)業(yè)、分品種、分環(huán)節(jié)認(rèn)真謀劃研究,推動(dòng)農(nóng)機(jī)化各項(xiàng)目標(biāo)任務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn)。為此,我們聚焦丘陵山區(qū)和設(shè)施大棚兩塊關(guān)鍵短板,圍繞八大產(chǎn)業(yè)(糧油、畜牧、漁業(yè)、茶葉、水果、蔬菜、食用菌、中藥材),提出機(jī)械化發(fā)展應(yīng)對(duì)措施,明確到2025年實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率84%以上,山區(qū)26縣農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率73%以上。
 
  一、以“四分”為方法健全工作機(jī)制,推動(dòng)政產(chǎn)學(xué)研用協(xié)同
 
  “四分”研究是摸清農(nóng)機(jī)化家底,理清發(fā)展思路的重要舉措。根據(jù)農(nóng)機(jī)化司部署要求,全省上下三級(jí)聯(lián)動(dòng)成立了“四分”研究工作專班,省級(jí)設(shè)綜合組、產(chǎn)業(yè)組、數(shù)據(jù)組三個(gè)小組,形成“1+2+8”農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展研究體系(1個(gè)總的“四分”農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展研究報(bào)告,丘陵山區(qū)和設(shè)施大棚“2”個(gè)重點(diǎn),8大產(chǎn)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展方案),按照構(gòu)建框架、實(shí)地調(diào)研、討論研究、成果論證的步驟進(jìn)行。綜合組設(shè)計(jì)了魚(yú)骨圖、流程圖等圖表模板,起草了《各產(chǎn)業(yè)農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展目標(biāo)“四分”研究報(bào)告基本框架》,做到“四分”不分家,使研究結(jié)果一體性、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,既為全省農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展情況精準(zhǔn)“畫(huà)像”,又為解決各產(chǎn)業(yè)農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展問(wèn)題提供業(yè)務(wù)指導(dǎo)和行動(dòng)指南。產(chǎn)業(yè)組充分發(fā)揮農(nóng)機(jī)裝備創(chuàng)新研發(fā)推廣聯(lián)盟在農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展供給和需求端的連接作用,以1個(gè)管理部門組長(zhǎng)加1名科研專家的組合開(kāi)展研究工作。采用“實(shí)地調(diào)研+樣本調(diào)查+年報(bào)統(tǒng)計(jì)”相結(jié)合,在數(shù)據(jù)組校對(duì)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上,省級(jí)“四分”調(diào)研組直接到重點(diǎn)縣、重點(diǎn)區(qū)域、重點(diǎn)主體采集樣本情況。目前8個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)小組已基本完成了5個(gè)縣的調(diào)研,形成了糧油、茶葉、水果、設(shè)施種植、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貯藏加工5個(gè)研究報(bào)告初稿。
 
  二、以“四分”為牽引精準(zhǔn)摸排需求,梳理農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展薄弱環(huán)節(jié)
 
  組織調(diào)研組分赴溫州、麗水、金華、湖州等地開(kāi)展適用小型農(nóng)機(jī)具應(yīng)用與需求情況集中調(diào)研,重點(diǎn)對(duì)浙西、浙西南丘陵山區(qū)和浙中盆地丘陵地區(qū)主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)和特色產(chǎn)業(yè)所需機(jī)具展開(kāi)調(diào)查。通過(guò)多次征求基層主體、專家意見(jiàn),梳理了14大類208個(gè)品目的需求清單,形成了“適用智能小型農(nóng)機(jī)具研發(fā)需求目錄(2021年共13項(xiàng))”。由科技部門發(fā)布了14項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)雁”和9項(xiàng)“尖兵”農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械攻關(guān)榜單,“揭榜掛帥”組織優(yōu)勢(shì)力量進(jìn)行聯(lián)合破題。同時(shí),根據(jù)需求梳理情況作為制定2021-2023年農(nóng)機(jī)購(gòu)置補(bǔ)貼政策的重要參考,新一輪補(bǔ)貼機(jī)具新增品目以糧食、生豬、水產(chǎn)、特色農(nóng)業(yè)薄弱環(huán)節(jié)所需裝備為主,其中適用于丘陵山區(qū)和設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)的農(nóng)機(jī)具22個(gè)。慶元縣對(duì)微耕機(jī)等丘陵山區(qū)糧食生產(chǎn)相關(guān)機(jī)具按中央補(bǔ)貼額的50%進(jìn)行疊加補(bǔ)貼,進(jìn)一步提高山區(qū)農(nóng)戶購(gòu)機(jī)積極性。
 
  三、以“四分”為抓手,“一業(yè)一方案”“一縣一方案”推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)“機(jī)器換人”先行縣建設(shè)
 
  以“四分”研究為切入口,“一業(yè)一方案”“一縣一方案”研究制定省內(nèi)各地農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展的目標(biāo)路徑。布局建設(shè)“一縣三基地”(農(nóng)業(yè)“機(jī)器換人”高質(zhì)量發(fā)展先行縣75個(gè)、農(nóng)機(jī)創(chuàng)新研發(fā)試驗(yàn)基地100個(gè)、高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)機(jī)綜合服務(wù)中心300個(gè)、高水平農(nóng)藝農(nóng)機(jī)融合示范基地600個(gè)),制定相關(guān)建設(shè)指引,2022年驗(yàn)收一批,2025年前確保全部完成。今年已在建13個(gè)農(nóng)機(jī)綜合服務(wù)中心,涉及水稻、蔬菜、茶葉等產(chǎn)業(yè)。開(kāi)展農(nóng)田宜機(jī)化示范改造,加大對(duì)丘陵山區(qū)機(jī)耕路、田間道路和排水渠道的建設(shè)力度,今年在茶園、果園、菜園、藥園等特色農(nóng)產(chǎn)品優(yōu)勢(shì)區(qū)開(kāi)展農(nóng)機(jī)下田坡道和低丘緩坡區(qū)域田塊土地平整。推進(jìn)農(nóng)藝農(nóng)機(jī)相結(jié)合,編寫(xiě)整理2021年農(nóng)機(jī)化主推技術(shù),提出7大類20項(xiàng)農(nóng)機(jī)技術(shù)內(nèi)容。加強(qiáng)社會(huì)化服務(wù),因地制宜創(chuàng)新推廣農(nóng)機(jī)裝備“合作社購(gòu)買、農(nóng)民租用”“共享農(nóng)機(jī)”等模式,實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)機(jī)、機(jī)手、維修等資源集聚,開(kāi)展高效便捷的農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)。梳理編制農(nóng)機(jī)社會(huì)化服務(wù)50例,探索解決機(jī)手少、維修難等問(wèn)題的有效途徑,加強(qiáng)農(nóng)機(jī)駕駛、維修等培訓(xùn),保障農(nóng)機(jī)安全生產(chǎn)。
 
  四、以“四分”為導(dǎo)向,健全機(jī)制保障工作成效
 
  工作體系上,橫向成立了由9個(gè)省級(jí)部門組成的適用農(nóng)機(jī)具研制推廣協(xié)調(diào)小組,縱向推動(dòng)“雙強(qiáng)”專班上下一盤棋,實(shí)行目標(biāo)、問(wèn)題、責(zé)任三大清單管理。政策體系上,在《關(guān)于實(shí)施農(nóng)業(yè)“雙強(qiáng)行動(dòng)”大力提升農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃》基礎(chǔ)上,配套出臺(tái)《先進(jìn)適用農(nóng)機(jī)具研制推廣五年行動(dòng)計(jì)劃(2021-2025年)》等“X”個(gè)政策方案,在優(yōu)先保障用地指標(biāo)、用電優(yōu)惠、稅費(fèi)減免、金融支持等方面加強(qiáng)支持。評(píng)價(jià)體系上,探索構(gòu)建《浙江省農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系(2021年試行版)》,精準(zhǔn)定位各地農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化程度??己梭w系上,從“雙強(qiáng)”賽馬機(jī)制、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)制、鄉(xiāng)村振興實(shí)績(jī)考核機(jī)制三個(gè)方面考核農(nóng)機(jī)化工作進(jìn)展,形成爭(zhēng)先創(chuàng)優(yōu)的工作氛圍。
 
突出重點(diǎn) 切實(shí)做好“四分”農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展研究
 
重慶市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村委
 
  重慶市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村委認(rèn)真按照《農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化管理司關(guān)于開(kāi)展“十四五”和2035年農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展目標(biāo)任務(wù)研究的函》(農(nóng)機(jī)政〔2021〕56號(hào))有關(guān)要求,高度重視、強(qiáng)化調(diào)研、廣聚民智,深入開(kāi)展“四分”農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展目標(biāo)任務(wù)研究。2021年,重點(diǎn)圍繞種植業(yè)開(kāi)展研究,以水稻、玉米、馬鈴薯、油菜4種主要糧油作物和關(guān)鍵薄弱環(huán)節(jié)為主研方向,聚力編制出切實(shí)可行的《重慶市“十四五”和2035年推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展工作方案》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《方案》),為推進(jìn)有關(guān)工作奠定基礎(chǔ),取得了階級(jí)性成效。
 
  一、高度重視,多方參與
 
  市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村委領(lǐng)導(dǎo)專門批示,安排農(nóng)機(jī)化處牽頭抓好該項(xiàng)工作。在沒(méi)有事先年度預(yù)算的情況下,擠出資金落實(shí)了工作經(jīng)費(fèi)。以市農(nóng)田宜機(jī)化改造專家工作室為支撐,組建有管理、科研、教學(xué)、推廣相關(guān)專家共同參與的工作專班。立足市情,統(tǒng)一認(rèn)識(shí),堅(jiān)持科學(xué)性、前瞻性、操作性相統(tǒng)一和循序漸進(jìn)原則,全面開(kāi)展了農(nóng)作物品種、種植面積、分布區(qū)域、種植模式、機(jī)械化現(xiàn)狀等基本情況調(diào)查模底,深入12個(gè)涉農(nóng)區(qū)縣開(kāi)展專項(xiàng)調(diào)研和座談,對(duì)農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展的短板問(wèn)題與方向、路徑有了較為清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)。召集農(nóng)機(jī)制造企業(yè)人員開(kāi)展座談?dòng)懻摚瑸檗r(nóng)機(jī)裝備供給保障問(wèn)計(jì)獻(xiàn)策。安排各區(qū)縣農(nóng)機(jī)主管部門同步開(kāi)展“四分”農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展研究工作。上下結(jié)合、八方問(wèn)計(jì),使“四分”研究得到了很好的保證。
 
  二、剖析短板,尋求路徑
 
  通過(guò)分區(qū)域、分品種、分環(huán)節(jié)深入剖析,查找制約重慶種植業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展的主要短板:深丘山地區(qū)域發(fā)展慢,旱地作物機(jī)械發(fā)展慢,播栽和收獲環(huán)節(jié)發(fā)展慢;與全國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展差距明顯,與全市經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展速度很不協(xié)調(diào)。制約因素:地塊小、高差大、農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)通道缺乏,同一品種作物種植分散、不同品種作物相互套種,旱地播栽動(dòng)力機(jī)具缺乏、旱地根莖收獲機(jī)具適應(yīng)性差,水稻機(jī)械化播栽環(huán)節(jié)農(nóng)民需求不足,中小型適用機(jī)具尤其是旱地機(jī)具供給不足等。提出全市農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展的總體思路及路徑:一是瞄準(zhǔn)兩個(gè)目標(biāo),即農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化目標(biāo)、農(nóng)機(jī)綜合效益目標(biāo);二是堅(jiān)持三大原則,即共享共用大突破、服務(wù)組織大發(fā)展、宜機(jī)種植大擴(kuò)張;三是實(shí)行四個(gè)并舉,即改地適機(jī)與以機(jī)適地并舉、引智與育人并舉、機(jī)制創(chuàng)新與超常措施并舉、技術(shù)引進(jìn)與改制研發(fā)并舉;四是抓住五個(gè)關(guān)鍵,即多元化推廣機(jī)制建立、重大項(xiàng)目實(shí)施、川渝合作互助、組織與政策落地、農(nóng)機(jī)制造與推廣普及雙向發(fā)力。同時(shí),分區(qū)域、分品種、分環(huán)節(jié)厘清了推廣發(fā)展重點(diǎn):在分區(qū)域方面,將全市37個(gè)涉農(nóng)區(qū)縣劃分為兩大區(qū)域,其中淺丘平壩區(qū)縣12個(gè)、深丘山地區(qū)縣25個(gè)。淺丘平壩以發(fā)展大中型、高性能、復(fù)式作業(yè)機(jī)具為主,輔之以智能機(jī)具發(fā)展;深丘山地以發(fā)展中小型、多功能適用機(jī)具為主,輔之以微型機(jī)具發(fā)展。在分品種方面,全市以水稻、玉米、馬鈴薯、油菜四大作物的全過(guò)程機(jī)械化發(fā)展為重點(diǎn),兼顧蔬菜、豆類、中藥材、煙葉等優(yōu)勢(shì)作物主要環(huán)節(jié)的機(jī)械化發(fā)展。在分環(huán)節(jié)方面,以播栽、收獲、秸稈還田機(jī)械化發(fā)展為重點(diǎn),輔之以高效植保、烘干機(jī)械化發(fā)展。市政府出臺(tái)《促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展若干政策舉措》(渝府辦發(fā)﹝2021﹞53號(hào))《加快丘陵山地特色農(nóng)機(jī)裝備產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展工作方案》(渝府辦發(fā)﹝2021﹞91號(hào))等文件,為促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化和農(nóng)機(jī)裝備產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)提供重要支持。
 
  三、細(xì)化目標(biāo),謀劃舉措
 
  首先,對(duì)發(fā)展目標(biāo)進(jìn)行了細(xì)化。圍繞全市農(nóng)作物綜合機(jī)械化率(2020年為52%)2025年達(dá)到60%、2035年達(dá)到75%的總目標(biāo),分解為水稻、玉米、馬鈴薯、油菜、其他農(nóng)作物綜合機(jī)械化率2025年分別達(dá)到76.5%、50.1%、47.1%、69.6%和57.3%,2035年分別達(dá)到92.9%、90%、83.3%、95.3%和60.1%。其次,分別制定丘陵山地特色農(nóng)機(jī)裝備研發(fā)制造目錄、分區(qū)域發(fā)展重點(diǎn)、分品種分環(huán)節(jié)機(jī)具推廣品目、重大項(xiàng)目實(shí)施方案、社會(huì)化服務(wù)辦法及政府投入資金測(cè)算表。第三,謀劃了8項(xiàng)重大工程,即旱地農(nóng)業(yè)振興農(nóng)機(jī)促進(jìn)工程、藍(lán)天保護(hù)農(nóng)機(jī)支撐工程、糧油提質(zhì)減損促進(jìn)工程、鄉(xiāng)村振興農(nóng)機(jī)示范工程、宜機(jī)化農(nóng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新推進(jìn)工程、中小型農(nóng)機(jī)之都(重慶)建設(shè)工程、農(nóng)機(jī)推廣聚力提升工程、農(nóng)機(jī)社會(huì)服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展工程。第四,測(cè)算分階段的機(jī)具需要和投資。在扣除引進(jìn)市外機(jī)具數(shù)量之后,2021—2025年期間,全市需新增大中型(22.1千瓦以上)機(jī)具0.61萬(wàn)臺(tái)套、小微型機(jī)具(22.1千瓦及以下)12.7萬(wàn)臺(tái)套,需要購(gòu)機(jī)總投資15.5億元;2026—2035年期間,需新增大中型機(jī)具2.5萬(wàn)臺(tái)套、小微型機(jī)具9.7萬(wàn)臺(tái)套,需要購(gòu)機(jī)總投資31.8億元。2021—2025年期間,計(jì)劃政府投入宜機(jī)化改造資金10億元、農(nóng)機(jī)裝備研發(fā)資金5億元;2026-2035年期間,計(jì)劃政府投入宜機(jī)化改造資金25億元、農(nóng)機(jī)裝備研發(fā)資金5億元。對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)急需的無(wú)人駕駛輕型履帶拖拉機(jī)、水稻無(wú)人育種播插秧裝置(含稻田成壟復(fù)式播種機(jī)和水稻插秧智能施肥裝置)、山地玉米收割機(jī)、薯類作業(yè)裝備、蔬菜移栽機(jī)器人、榨菜(青菜頭)聯(lián)合收割機(jī)等8種重點(diǎn)農(nóng)機(jī)裝備,擬分批面向全國(guó)“揭榜掛帥”研發(fā),由中榜機(jī)構(gòu)組建“產(chǎn)、學(xué)、研、推、用”專業(yè)團(tuán)隊(duì)實(shí)施,著力解決“無(wú)適機(jī)匹配、無(wú)好機(jī)可用”問(wèn)題。
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