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博州全面推進(jìn)棉花全程機(jī)械化

2022-04-29 10:23:59 來源：新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村機(jī)械化發(fā)展中心 作者：丁旭國 閱讀量：19128 評論

導(dǎo)讀： 圍繞推進(jìn)棉花全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，新疆博州農(nóng)機(jī)部門著力加強(qiáng)農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝融合，突出農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)各環(huán)節(jié)技術(shù)規(guī)范，加強(qiáng)農(nóng)機(jī)裝備和技術(shù)支撐，為推進(jìn)自治州棉花全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈提供機(jī)械化保障。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】 圍繞推進(jìn)棉花全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，新疆博州農(nóng)機(jī)部門著力加強(qiáng)農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝融合，突出農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)各環(huán)節(jié)技術(shù)規(guī)范，加強(qiáng)農(nóng)機(jī)裝備和技術(shù)支撐，為推進(jìn)自治州棉花全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈提供機(jī)械化保障。
 
　　一、棉花全程機(jī)械化基本情況
 
　　截至2021年底，全州擁有拖拉機(jī)21812臺(tái)(其中大中型拖拉機(jī)8014臺(tái))、配套機(jī)具25157臺(tái)(套)、鋪膜機(jī)3626臺(tái)、精量播種機(jī)2394臺(tái)、北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航自動(dòng)駕駛系統(tǒng)622套、植保無人機(jī)716架、噴桿式噴霧機(jī)650臺(tái)、棉花收獲機(jī)359臺(tái)(其中打包采棉機(jī)43臺(tái)，六行采棉機(jī)122臺(tái)、五行采棉機(jī)160臺(tái))，棉花耕種管收全過程機(jī)械保障充足，機(jī)械化水平達(dá)到99.1%，為推廣優(yōu)質(zhì)棉種植提供了機(jī)械保障。
 
　　二、加強(qiáng)農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝融合，突出作業(yè)技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
 
　　加強(qiáng)棉花種管技術(shù)配套，提高農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝措施的適時(shí)性、準(zhǔn)確性和到位率。因地制宜推廣“寬早優(yōu)”等機(jī)采棉種植模式，博樂市示范推廣5萬畝、精河縣示范推廣10萬畝，促進(jìn)棉花種植降密度、增株高，實(shí)現(xiàn)增產(chǎn)、提質(zhì)。推進(jìn)棉花全程智能化、機(jī)械化進(jìn)程，在衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航駕駛、精量播種基礎(chǔ)上，加大推廣智能化精準(zhǔn)水肥調(diào)控、無人機(jī)病蟲防控、化學(xué)打頂、脫葉催熟、打包式機(jī)械采收、秸桿處理、殘膜回收等機(jī)采棉配套集成技術(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)棉花生產(chǎn)向標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、智能化、信息化發(fā)展。
 
　　嚴(yán)格農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，按照《棉花生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化技術(shù)規(guī)程》(DB65/T3483.1-9-2015)，從棉花栽培管理、耕地作業(yè)、整地作業(yè)、鋪管鋪膜精密播種、植保(脫葉)作業(yè)、采收作業(yè)、機(jī)采籽棉貯運(yùn)作業(yè)、棉稈處理作業(yè)等各環(huán)節(jié)，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，最大限度保證棉花產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)。
 
　　突出重點(diǎn)環(huán)節(jié)作業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)把控。在脫葉環(huán)節(jié)，嚴(yán)格落實(shí)脫葉劑使用技術(shù)要求，棉田吐絮率達(dá)到30%以上，結(jié)合氣候情況適時(shí)使用大型高效植保機(jī)械開展脫葉劑噴施作業(yè)，提高脫葉質(zhì)量，減少機(jī)采棉雜質(zhì)。在采收環(huán)節(jié)，機(jī)采前棉田脫葉率要達(dá)到90%以上、吐絮率達(dá)到95%以上。嚴(yán)格禁止夜間采收、露水采、噴水采等嚴(yán)重影響棉花質(zhì)量采收行為；嚴(yán)格控制水分及雜質(zhì)，籽棉含水率不得高于12%，采凈率不低于95%。分品種采收，防止不同品種棉花及正、復(fù)采籽棉混合，杜絕新舊“三絲”，提升博州棉花品質(zhì)。
 
　　三、落實(shí)農(nóng)機(jī)化政策項(xiàng)目，強(qiáng)化農(nóng)機(jī)裝備和技術(shù)支撐
 
　　扎實(shí)落實(shí)國家農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼政策，積極推廣先進(jìn)、適用采棉機(jī)型。根據(jù)對比實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果和群眾認(rèn)可，推廣約翰迪爾CP690自走式打包采棉機(jī)、鐵建重工4MZD-6打包采棉機(jī)、山東天鵝4MZD-6打包采棉機(jī)、新疆缽施然4MZD—6自走式棉花收獲打包一體機(jī)等先進(jìn)采棉機(jī)型，有效降低采收環(huán)節(jié)中新舊“三絲”雜質(zhì)，提高棉花采收品質(zhì)。穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)拖拉機(jī)、噴桿式噴霧機(jī)、棉花收獲機(jī)等老舊機(jī)具報(bào)廢更新，逐步淘汰耗能高、污染重、效率低、采凈率差的老舊機(jī)械，持續(xù)為棉花全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈前端環(huán)節(jié)提供先進(jìn)、可靠機(jī)械。
 
　　接下來，全州農(nóng)機(jī)部門凝心聚力，圍繞棉花耕種管收全環(huán)節(jié)管理、作業(yè)要求，加強(qiáng)農(nóng)機(jī)技術(shù)培訓(xùn)，狠抓農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)質(zhì)量，保障機(jī)械供給，為棉花全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈提供農(nóng)機(jī)人才、技術(shù)和裝備保障。

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