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2022年“雙搶”水稻生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化作業(yè)服務(wù)價格和成本變化趨勢調(diào)查報告

2022-07-07 09:04:11 來源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)機(jī)化司 閱讀量：17187 評論

導(dǎo)讀：近日，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化管理司會同農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化總站針對“雙搶”期間水稻機(jī)收等作業(yè)價格變化情況，開展了電子問卷調(diào)查，并形成調(diào)查分析報告，現(xiàn)予以刊發(fā)。

　　農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化情況2022年第12期
 
　　編者按：近日，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化管理司會同農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化總站針對“雙搶”期間水稻機(jī)收等作業(yè)價格變化情況，開展了電子問卷調(diào)查，并形成調(diào)查分析報告，現(xiàn)予以刊發(fā)。
 
　　2022年“雙搶”水稻生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化作業(yè)
 
　　服務(wù)價格和成本變化趨勢調(diào)查報告
 
　　為科學(xué)研判“雙搶”機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)作業(yè)服務(wù)價格和成本變化趨勢，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化管理司會同農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化總站開展了2022年“雙搶”水稻生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化作業(yè)服務(wù)價格和成本變化趨勢電子問卷調(diào)查，有關(guān)情況如下。
 
　　一、調(diào)查樣本基本情況
 
　　本次調(diào)查采取網(wǎng)絡(luò)問卷形式，共對八個雙季稻主產(chǎn)?。▍^(qū)）699個農(nóng)機(jī)社會化服務(wù)組織進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，具體樣本分布情況如表1所示。


 

　　從參加調(diào)查的主體情況看，自主經(jīng)營土地面積多在10000畝以下，涉及樣本683個，占樣本總數(shù)的97.71%，其中，2000畝以下的占比為73.25%。全年機(jī)械化作業(yè)服務(wù)面積多處于50000畝次以下，涉及樣本653個，占樣本總數(shù)的93.42%。各生產(chǎn)主體關(guān)于本年度“雙搶”生產(chǎn)期間的預(yù)計作業(yè)服務(wù)面積以50000畝次以下為主，涉及樣本669個，占樣本總數(shù)的95.71%。詳見表2。


 

　　二、預(yù)計“雙搶”生產(chǎn)期間機(jī)械化作業(yè)價格變化趨勢
 
　　從調(diào)查情況看，“雙搶”機(jī)械化作業(yè)價格中位數(shù)(詳見表3)較去年都有不同程度上漲。
 
　　（一）水稻機(jī)收。預(yù)計水稻機(jī)收價格為110元/畝，較去年上漲24元左右，同比增長28.55%。
 
　　（二）水田機(jī)械耕整地。預(yù)計水田機(jī)械耕整地作業(yè)價格為130元/畝，較去年上漲6元左右，同比增長4.97%。
 
　　（三）水稻機(jī)械化種植。水稻機(jī)插秧與機(jī)拋秧作業(yè)(不包含育秧、供秧服務(wù))價格均為90元/畝，其中機(jī)插秧作業(yè)價格較去年上漲6元左右，同比增長7.16%。

　　三、“雙搶”機(jī)械化作業(yè)成本變化情況
 
　　從作業(yè)成本變化調(diào)查情況(見表4)可以看出，導(dǎo)致“雙搶”期間作業(yè)價格增長的主要因素為燃油成本和機(jī)手雇工費用的增加，涉及樣本數(shù)分別為670個和503個，分別占樣本總數(shù)的95.85%與71.96%；其次為機(jī)具及零配件購買、維修成本的增加，涉及樣本數(shù)為343個，占樣本總數(shù)的49.07%；機(jī)具保有量、供需信息對接等因素對于作業(yè)價格增長影響不大。

 

　　（一）燃油價格情況。調(diào)查了696個樣本，從中位數(shù)來看，預(yù)計今年“雙搶”柴油價格為9元/L，同比上漲超過35%。
 
　　（二）機(jī)手雇工費用情況。預(yù)計機(jī)手雇工費用增長的樣本數(shù)占樣本總數(shù)的92.13%。其中，預(yù)計增幅20%以上的樣本有228個，增幅10—20%的樣本有258個，增幅10%以內(nèi)的樣本有158個。詳見表5。
 
 

 

　　分析原因，人工成本連續(xù)增長和缺乏機(jī)械化作業(yè)水平較高的機(jī)手是導(dǎo)致機(jī)手雇工費用增長的主要因素，涉及樣本數(shù)分別為604個和471個，分別占樣本總數(shù)的86.41%與67.38%。詳見表6。
 
 

 

　　（三）零配件供給情況。預(yù)計農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械零配件購買價格增長的樣本數(shù)占樣本總數(shù)的85.41%。其中，預(yù)計增幅20%以上的樣本有133個，增幅10—20%的樣本有259個，增幅10%以內(nèi)的樣本有205個。詳見表7。


 

　　通過調(diào)查分析，零配件原材料價格與物流成本的增長是農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械零配件購買價格增長的主要因素，涉及樣本數(shù)分別為567個和394個，分別占樣本總數(shù)的81.12%與56.37%。詳見表8。


 

　　四、跨區(qū)作業(yè)情況
 
　　調(diào)查情況看，207個樣本明確表示準(zhǔn)備開展跨區(qū)作業(yè)，占樣本總數(shù)的29.61%；328個樣本明確表示不開展跨區(qū)作業(yè)，占樣本總數(shù)的46.92%；164個樣本表示不確定是否參與跨區(qū)作業(yè)。詳見表9。

 

　　五、面臨問題與建議
 
　　調(diào)查中各地反映，今年“雙搶”生產(chǎn)面臨的主要問題是燃油價格走高和天氣問題，涉及樣本數(shù)分別為432個和145個，合計占樣本總數(shù)的82.55%。疫情防控對機(jī)械化作業(yè)服務(wù)的預(yù)期影響逐步減小，有關(guān)疫情影響各選項樣本數(shù)量差異不明顯。如表10、11所示。


 

　　各地農(nóng)機(jī)社會化服務(wù)組織的主要建議：187個樣本建議出臺相關(guān)政策，降低農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)用油成本；64個樣本建議開展作業(yè)技能、安全生產(chǎn)等相關(guān)培訓(xùn)，培養(yǎng)年輕機(jī)手；13個樣本建議開展農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)供需信息發(fā)布，強(qiáng)化協(xié)調(diào)調(diào)度。
 

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