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全球環(huán)境健康峰會：超級棉田管理經(jīng)驗，與世界分享

2022-10-17 13:39:38 來源：極飛科技 閱讀量：17334 評論

導讀：10 月 11 日， “2022 年環(huán)境健康全球峰會(Global Summit on Environmental Health)”在瑞典斯德哥爾摩成功舉辦。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 明星企業(yè)】10 月 11 日， “2022 年環(huán)境健康全球峰會(Global Summit on Environmental Health)”在瑞典斯德哥爾摩成功舉辦。極飛科技受邀參加會議，在線分享農(nóng)田數(shù)字化管理的中國經(jīng)驗。
 
　　環(huán)境健康全球峰會，旨在讓來自不同學科的專家學者分享他們的最新研究成果，審視氣候變化、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、能源消耗對地球環(huán)境和公眾健康造成的影響，以及探討用創(chuàng)新技術和知識驅動社會變革的解決方案。本次峰會聚集了十多個國家的專業(yè)機構、專家參與。
 
　　極飛科技聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人龔槚欽在會上，以超級棉田的項目成果為實踐案例，講述了數(shù)字農(nóng)業(yè)技術如何為農(nóng)民、自然環(huán)境創(chuàng)造經(jīng)濟和生態(tài)雙重效益。此研究成果已經(jīng)在今年 7 月被國際核心期刊《農(nóng)業(yè)（Agriculture）》收錄。
 
 

       極飛科技聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人龔槚欽演講實錄摘要：
 
　　提升農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率是極飛科技的使命，解決全球農(nóng)業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)是極飛業(yè)務的出發(fā)點。如今，勞動力短缺、糧食供應不足、農(nóng)用化學品濫用、食物多樣性減少、氣候變化和土地荒置等問題為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)帶來了越來越大的挑戰(zhàn)。
 
　　國際沖突和氣候變化造成產(chǎn)量不穩(wěn)定、供應鏈受阻，糧食緊缺也成為了一個大問題，化肥和農(nóng)藥的過度使用導致了環(huán)境污染和食品安全問題，同時單一作物種植和農(nóng)場規(guī)模的不斷擴大也讓食物的多樣性不斷下降。這并不利于未來年輕一代的身體健康。
 
　　根據(jù)多年的科學研究和農(nóng)田實踐證明：數(shù)字技術可以提高農(nóng)業(yè)的經(jīng)濟和生態(tài)效益。為此，極飛科技開發(fā)了一套智慧農(nóng)業(yè)解決方案，并成功應用在了超級棉田項目。
 
　　棉花是最重要的經(jīng)濟作物之一，也是全球紡織業(yè)的重要支柱。作為中國棉花主產(chǎn)地，新疆棉花種植有利于推動當?shù)亟?jīng)濟發(fā)展和農(nóng)民增收，對于穩(wěn)定國際棉紡織供應鏈還發(fā)揮著巨大作用。2021 年初，在棉花生產(chǎn)成本越來越高、雇工難的背景下，極飛科技在新疆尉犁縣啟動了“2 人管理 3000 畝地”的超級棉田項目，成功驗證數(shù)字化管理模式大規(guī)模應用于農(nóng)田、改善農(nóng)民經(jīng)濟效益、減少農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)碳足跡的可行性。
 
　　由于目前棉花的田間管理機械化、智能化水平較低，往往需要投入高昂的人工和農(nóng)資成本。2018 年，中國棉花生產(chǎn)成本是美國的 3.4 倍，印度的 4.3 倍。因此，極飛將無人駕駛技術、地理遙感技術、智慧農(nóng)場管理系統(tǒng)引進超級棉田，讓兩位 90 后年輕人來管理原本需要 30 名工人的高標準農(nóng)田。
 
　　2021 年收獲季，超級棉田實現(xiàn)了每畝 253.3 公斤的平均產(chǎn)量，高于中國棉花的平均畝產(chǎn)，每畝棉田還節(jié)省了大約 320 元的成本。此外，相比于同等面積的傳統(tǒng)棉田，超級棉田通過減少化石能源消耗、降低化肥使用量、節(jié)省水肥灌溉用電等手段，減少了 22% 的溫室氣體排放。
 
　　那超級棉田是怎樣做到的呢？
 
　　智能化耕、種
 
　　在種植季開始時，超級棉田通過極飛遙感無人機拍攝農(nóng)田高清照片，將其拼接成數(shù)字地圖，在農(nóng)業(yè)人工智能的加持下，就可以識別農(nóng)田的地塊邊界，分析土壤類型和營養(yǎng)情況。讓棉田管理者能夠準確判斷出需要購買的種子、農(nóng)藥和化肥數(shù)量，預估出投入成本。
 
　　超級棉田里還放置了大量數(shù)字傳感器，監(jiān)測天氣、土壤和作物生長狀況，管理者就能知道什么時候需要做什么農(nóng)活。我們還將傳統(tǒng)的人工駕駛拖拉機改造成自動駕駛的拖拉機，讓犁地、覆膜、播種作業(yè)更加精確，提升柴油利用率。
 


       “無人化”管理
 
　　在灌溉施肥方面，超級棉田通過水肥一體化的智能灌溉系統(tǒng)，遠程控制農(nóng)田里所有電子閥門和水泵精準灌溉，節(jié)約水肥和電力，還能讓棉花生長得更均勻。人工智能和傳感器能夠監(jiān)測到閥門和泵內(nèi)部的壓力，因此水泵知道什么時候抽多少水、用什么壓力來維持灌溉施肥系統(tǒng)的精準性。
 
水肥一體灌溉水泵
 
　　在棉花植保環(huán)節(jié)，通常農(nóng)民會使用手動噴霧裝置或拖拉機來打藥、除草。但由于這種傳統(tǒng)噴灑方式無法做到精準，農(nóng)民需要用大量水來稀釋農(nóng)藥，以“淋浴”的方式來給作物噴藥。這樣做不僅造成化學品浪費，而且還會污染土壤和地下水。超級棉田引進農(nóng)業(yè)無人機來進行精準噴灑，根據(jù)作物的種植密度和生長狀態(tài)，無人機知道哪里需要噴灑更多、哪里需要噴灑更少，從而做到病蟲草害的高效防治。
 
極飛農(nóng)業(yè)無人機為棉田精準施藥
 
　　在管理決策環(huán)節(jié)，超級棉田使用人工智能來識別每一塊農(nóng)田的種植規(guī)模、基本苗數(shù)量和發(fā)芽率。在收割前，系統(tǒng)還能計算棉花吐絮率，讓管理者更好地判斷噴藥、撒肥、灌溉等農(nóng)事作業(yè)的最佳時機。
 
人工智能自動識別棉田植株情況
 
　　科學化采收
 
　　超級棉田利用遙感無人機測產(chǎn)，管理者可以了解預計產(chǎn)出情況，提前做好收獲、倉儲、銷售、加工等環(huán)節(jié)的計劃，合理調(diào)度農(nóng)機，減少石油能源消耗；此外相比于拖拉機噴灑脫葉劑，使用無人機噴灑脫葉劑，不僅效率更高，而且不會導致棉鈴脫落(拖拉機導致的棉鈴脫落會造成約  5%  左右減產(chǎn))，從而提升了棉花采收的效率及質(zhì)量。
 
極飛農(nóng)業(yè)無人機為棉田噴灑脫葉劑
 
　　超級棉田項目為智慧農(nóng)業(yè)技術的推廣提供了創(chuàng)新路徑和指導意義。研究顯示，當棉農(nóng)的種植面積達到 240 畝及以上時，引進智慧農(nóng)業(yè)設備可以幫助他們顯著降低生產(chǎn)成本。
 
　　未來，隨著勞動力成本持續(xù)上漲、智能農(nóng)機價格下降，農(nóng)民的使用門檻將會越來越低。這也就意味會有更多小農(nóng)戶從數(shù)字技術中受益，增加產(chǎn)量和收入，但留下更少的環(huán)境足跡。而在技術的賦能下，農(nóng)村和城市之間的數(shù)字鴻溝也正在縮小。

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