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為提升農作物生產全程機械化水平,廣東省從5大方面落實

2023-02-23 16:18:56 來源:農機網整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:23613 評論

導讀:據廣東省農業(yè)機械化“十四五”發(fā)展規(guī)劃(2021-2025年)制定的發(fā)展目標:到2025年,全省農機總動力達2600萬千瓦,主要農作物耕種收綜合機械化率≥76%。

  【農機網 地方農機】”十三五”期間,廣東省認真貫徹落實黨中央、國務院和農業(yè)農村部有關工作部署,全省現(xiàn)代農業(yè)建設進程加快、農業(yè)產業(yè)興旺,農業(yè)機械化“補短板、強弱項、促提升”取得新成效,呈現(xiàn)出加快轉型升級的良好勢頭,為現(xiàn)代農業(yè)發(fā)展提供了堅強有力的支撐。農機裝備能力持續(xù)增強。農機裝備總量穩(wěn)步增長,農機總動力達到2495.5萬千瓦,比“十二五”期末增長8.6個百分點;大中型、高性能、新型特色農機保有量不斷增加,信息化智能化農機裝備加速應用,農機裝備結構不斷優(yōu)化。主要農作物耕種收綜合機械化率達到65.7%;水稻耕種收綜合機械化率達到75.3%,比“十二五”期末提高7.8個百分點。
 
  其中,甘蔗生產機械化取得新進展,畜牧水產養(yǎng)殖、設施種植和農產品初加工機械化加速發(fā)展,丘陵山區(qū)機械化穩(wěn)步推進。農機化綜合發(fā)展能力持續(xù)增強。農機科研創(chuàng)新活躍,釋放出新能量。水稻精量穴直播技術與機具獲得國家技術發(fā)明獎二等獎,農用無人飛機研發(fā)生產居國內前列,在無人駕駛農業(yè)機械、山地軌道運輸機、糞污資源化利用、對蝦剝殼等領域推出一批新產品,“無機可用”得到一定緩解。
 
  據廣東省農業(yè)機械化“十四五”發(fā)展規(guī)劃(2021-2025年)制定的發(fā)展目標:到2025年,全省農機總動力達2600萬千瓦,主要農作物耕種收綜合機械化率≥76%;水稻耕種收綜合機械化率≥85%;水稻種植機械化率≥55%;設施農業(yè)機械化率≥50%;畜禽養(yǎng)殖機械化率達≥50%;水產養(yǎng)殖機械化率≥50%;農產品初加工機械化率≥50%。
 
  同時,該規(guī)劃指出目前全省農機化發(fā)展的主要問題,如:農業(yè)機械化發(fā)展不平衡不充分;特色農機裝備供給嚴重不足;農機作業(yè)基礎條件薄弱;農機社會化服務總體實力不強等。
 
  其中,提出要著力提升農作物生產全程機械化水平,主要從以下幾方面落實。
 
  補齊主要農作物生產全程機械化短板:聚焦薄弱環(huán)節(jié),加大試驗示范和推廣力度,補齊機械化發(fā)展短板,大力推廣以機插秧為主的水稻機械化種植技術,全面提升水稻機械化種植水平,加快高效植保、側深施肥一體化、無人機施肥、產地烘干、秸稈綜合利用等環(huán)節(jié)與耕種收儲運加工等環(huán)節(jié)機械化設施設備集成配套,推進穩(wěn)產保供,助力糧食安全。著力提升馬鈴薯、花生、甘蔗機械化種植和收獲水平,加強馬鈴薯、花生生產機械化示范推廣,建設甘蔗特色優(yōu)勢區(qū)生產機械化樣板。到2025年,水稻種植機械化率達到55%。
 
  構建高效機械化生產體系:充分發(fā)揮廣東省現(xiàn)代農業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新團隊和廣東省農機化科技創(chuàng)新專家組等的作用,加快選育、推廣一批適合機械化作業(yè)要求的水稻、馬鈴薯、花生、甘蔗等主要農作物品種,促進種植、收獲等農機裝備和技術的本土化改進。將適應機械化作為品種審定、耕作制度變革、產后加工工藝改進、農田基本建設等工作的重要目標,促使良種、良法、良地、良機配套,為全程機械化作業(yè)、規(guī)模化生產創(chuàng)造條件。加強產學研推用聯(lián)合攻關,推動品種栽培裝備等多學科、產前產中產后各環(huán)節(jié)協(xié)同聯(lián)動,研究制定主要農作物(水稻、花生、馬鈴薯、甘蔗)的種植、收獲及農機作業(yè)規(guī)范,優(yōu)化種植、收獲模式,形成全程機械化解決方案和技術體系。推進主要農作物生產全程機械化示范建設。
 
  推進糧食機械化生產關鍵環(huán)節(jié)減損:牢固樹立“減損就是增產”意識,采取綜合措施降低糧食生產各環(huán)節(jié)損耗浪費,切實將減少糧食機收損耗浪費工作常態(tài)化。落實《糧食節(jié)約行動方案》,著力推進糧食作物精量播種、智能綠色高效收獲、綠色烘干技術,將收獲機手培訓納入高素質農民培育工程,推進機收減損工程深入人心,熟化節(jié)糧減損機械化技術,減少田間地頭收獲損耗。加大宣傳力度,讓減損成為一種良好習慣。常年開展省市聯(lián)動的機收減損技能大比武,營造全社會支持節(jié)糧減損氛圍。
 
  推進特色經濟作物生產機械化:圍繞我省果菜茶、南藥等特色經濟作物的主要生產環(huán)節(jié),開展高性能、有特色的農機新裝備新技術示范推廣,加快特色經濟作物生產環(huán)節(jié)機械化技術創(chuàng)新與集成應用。按品種制定符合機械化生產的農藝標準,推動標準化果園茶園建設,加快香蕉、荔枝、龍眼、柑橘、菠蘿等水果以及茶葉的適用裝備推廣,實現(xiàn)開溝施肥、除草施藥、節(jié)水灌溉、修剪采摘、場地運輸等生產環(huán)節(jié)機械化。推進露地規(guī)模種植基地蔬菜精密播種、標準化育苗、高效移栽等機械化技術示范應用,大力發(fā)展葉類和根莖類作物收獲機械化。因地制宜推進南藥、南亞熱帶作物等區(qū)域特色作物生產機械化。
 
  推進設施種植機械化:在設施種植產業(yè)發(fā)展優(yōu)勢區(qū)域,積極推進設施布局標準化、建造宜機化、作業(yè)機械化、裝備智能化、服務社會化。制修訂華南溫室設施結構與建造以及設施種植機械化標準,推廣節(jié)能型設施建造材料和低能耗電動設施裝備,加快推廣精量播種、育苗、移栽和收獲、廢棄物處理等環(huán)節(jié)機械化技術裝備,普及土地耕整、灌溉施肥、電動運輸、水肥一體化設施以及多功能作業(yè)平臺等技術裝備,推廣環(huán)境自動調控、水肥一體化等機械化技術,推進華南地區(qū)設施園藝精準管控技術裝備應用,探索開展嫁接、采收等農業(yè)機器人示范應用。

 

  注:本文由農機網(m.tmpdc.cn)整理發(fā)布,資料來源:農業(yè)農村部農業(yè)機械化管理司。
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