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2023年春耕期間農機作業(yè)服務價格和成本變化趨勢調查報告

2023-03-28 12:01:37 來源：農業(yè)機械化管理司 閱讀量：18957 評論

導讀：近日，農業(yè)機械化管理司會同農業(yè)機械化總站針對春耕期間農機作業(yè)服務價格和成本變化，開展了電子問卷調查，并形成調查分析報告，現(xiàn)予以刊發(fā)。

　　2023年春耕期間農機作業(yè)服務價格和成本變化趨勢調查報告
 
　　農業(yè)機械化情況2023年第6期
 
　　編者按：近日，農業(yè)機械化管理司會同農業(yè)機械化總站針對春耕期間農機作業(yè)服務價格和成本變化，開展了電子問卷調查，并形成調查分析報告，現(xiàn)予以刊發(fā)，供有關方面參考。
 
　　為科學研判農業(yè)機械化生產(chǎn)形勢，農業(yè)機械化管理司會同農業(yè)機械化總站開展了2023年春耕期間農機作業(yè)服務價格和成本變化趨勢電子問卷調查，有關情況如下。
 
　　一、調查樣本分布情況
 
　　本次調查采取網(wǎng)絡問卷形式，共收到27個省份3244個農機社會化服務組織調查問卷，具體樣本分布情況如下表所示。
 
　　調查樣本分布情況表


 

　　從調查情況看，預計春耕期間機械耕整地作業(yè)價格較為平穩(wěn)，機械播種(插秧)作業(yè)價格略有上升。
 
　　二、春耕期間農機作業(yè)價格變化趨勢
 
　　(一)機械耕整地作業(yè)價格
 
　　預計旱地機械化深翻作業(yè)價格為60元/畝左右，深松、旋耕作業(yè)價格為50元/畝左右，水田機械化翻耕作業(yè)價格為70元/畝左右，均與去年基本持平；水田機械化旋耕作業(yè)價格為60元/畝左右，較去年略有下降。
 
　　(二)機械種植作業(yè)價格
 
　　預計春玉米、春大豆機播作業(yè)價格為50元/畝左右，較去年小幅上漲；高性能玉米播種機作業(yè)價格為60元/畝左右，較普通玉米機播作業(yè)價格高出10元左右；水稻機插秧(不含秧苗或育秧服務)作業(yè)價格為80元/畝左右，與去年基本持平。
 
　　三、春耕期間影響農機作業(yè)價格變化原因分析
 
　　從調查情況看，春耕期間影響農機作業(yè)價格的主要因素為燃油成本和機手雇工費用變化，涉及樣本數(shù)分別為2701個和2249個，占樣本總數(shù)的83.26%和69.33%；其次為機具購買、維修成本變化，涉及樣本數(shù)為1914個，占樣本總數(shù)的59.01%；機具保有量、供需信息對接等因素對于作業(yè)價格影響不大。
 
　　(一)燃油消耗情況
 
　　預計春耕期間機械化耕整地作業(yè)油耗為3—4 L/畝；機械化播種作業(yè)油耗為3L/畝。
 
　　(二)燃油價格情況
 
　　預計春耕期間柴油價格為7.5元/升，以本次調查樣本數(shù)量最多的甘肅省為例，2023年3月17日甘肅省0#柴油價格為7.35元/L，較2022年同期下降3.5%，但較2021年同期仍要高19.90%。
 
　　(三)機手雇工費用情況
 
　　預計機手雇工費用增長的樣本數(shù)占樣本總數(shù)的76.11%。人工成本連續(xù)增長和缺乏作業(yè)水平較高的機手是影響機手雇工費用增長的主要原因，涉及樣本數(shù)分別為2669個和2113個，占樣本總數(shù)的82.27%和65.14%。
 
　　(四)零配件供給情況
 
　　預計農業(yè)機械零配件購買價格增長的樣本數(shù)占樣本總數(shù)的76.23%。零配件原材料價格與物流成本增長是影響農業(yè)機械零配件購買價格增長的主要原因，涉及樣本分別為2252個和1476個，分別占樣本總數(shù)的69.42%與45.50%。
 
　　四、跨區(qū)作業(yè)情況
 
　　從調查情況看，1093個樣本明確表示準備開展跨區(qū)作業(yè)，占樣本總數(shù)的33.69%；1366個樣本明確表示不開展跨區(qū)作業(yè)，占樣本總數(shù)的42.11%；785個樣本表示不確定是否參與跨區(qū)作業(yè)。
 
　　五、面臨問題與建議
 
　　從調查情況看，今年春耕期間面臨的主要問題是燃油價格較往年相比仍然偏高，涉及1191個樣本，占樣本總數(shù)的36.71%；天氣問題、缺少有能力的機手和作業(yè)價格低等問題，均未超過樣本總數(shù)的25%；反映零配件供給不足問題的樣本有46個，僅占樣本總數(shù)的1.42%。
 
　　各地農機社會化服務組織的主要建議：292個樣本建議“加大燃油補貼或提供用油優(yōu)惠服務”；167個樣本建議“加大農機作業(yè)補貼力度或提高作業(yè)價格”；115個樣本建議“加強機手作業(yè)培訓”；77個樣本建議“加大新機具購置補貼力度”。

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