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山西?。航衲甏蠖褂衩讕顝?fù)合種植專用農(nóng)機補貼怎么補？

2023-04-10 11:54:34 來源：農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：30838 評論

導(dǎo)讀：近日，山西省農(nóng)業(yè)機械發(fā)展中心印發(fā)《2023年大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植專用農(nóng)機裝備補助項目實施方案》。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 補貼動態(tài)】 為保證山西省2023年大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植任務(wù)順利完成，實施好復(fù)合種植專用農(nóng)機裝備補助項目，提供裝備支撐，近日，山西省農(nóng)業(yè)機械發(fā)展中心印發(fā)《2023年大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植專用農(nóng)機裝備補助項目實施方案》。
 
　　目標任務(wù)：在全省20個縣開展大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植農(nóng)機裝備購置補助，補助環(huán)節(jié)為播種環(huán)節(jié)、植保環(huán)節(jié)、收獲環(huán)節(jié)，補助機型主要為一體化播種機、專用播種機、分帶噴施自走式噴桿噴霧機、大豆收獲機等。每縣補助復(fù)合種植專用裝備6臺以上，每個環(huán)節(jié)裝備至少引進1臺,全省合計購置裝備不少于120臺，裝備需省農(nóng)業(yè)機械發(fā)展中心審核備案后，方可引進。
 
　　資金安排：本項目共安排資金300萬元，每縣補助資金15萬元，項目資金全部用于復(fù)合種植專用裝備的購置補助，補助比例不高于購機價格的50%。項目資金使用要做到?？顚Ｓ谩⒉粩D占、不挪用，在項目實施中，嚴格按照資金使用計劃和規(guī)定支出，并要有相關(guān)發(fā)票憑證，杜絕超范圍、超標準支出和虛列支出等情況。如資金被整合使用，縣農(nóng)機部門要及時將整合后的資金使用計劃函報省、市農(nóng)機部門。
 
　　技術(shù)路線及要點
 
　　機械化耕整地(2-3年深松整地)→機械播種→高效植保(病蟲草害防治、化學(xué)防控)→機械收獲(秸稈離田、還田處理)→烘干倉儲
 
　　機械化耕整地：春播區(qū)根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)氐姆N植模式、農(nóng)藝要求、土壤條件和地表秸稈覆蓋狀況，選擇機械耕整地作業(yè)方式，適時作業(yè)。復(fù)播區(qū)前茬小麥收獲后，割茬高度≤8cm，小麥秸稈粉碎長度≤10cm，能滿足播種要求的，一般不進行整地作業(yè)。深松作業(yè)宜在秋季進行，深松深度應(yīng)能打破犁底層。春玉米深松深度≥30cm。底肥應(yīng)進行深施，可采用先撒肥或邊耕翻邊施肥的方式，肥料撒施應(yīng)均勻，施肥量應(yīng)符合當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)藝要求。
 
　　機械化播種：①適期播種。春播區(qū)大豆玉米根據(jù)氣候條件可于4月下旬~5月上旬播種；南部復(fù)播區(qū)大豆玉米可同時播種，播種期為6月中旬至下旬。②地頭規(guī)劃。播種時，留出地頭空間，一般≥5米帶寬，可種植先收作物。③機械播種。推薦采用一體化播種機一次性完成大豆玉米種植，模式優(yōu)選4+2、4+4模式；要求玉米播深4~5cm、大豆播深3~4cm、種肥間距10~15cm，玉米可單粒精播、大豆雙粒穴播提高頂土能力；一體化播種時，大豆行距30cm、玉米為40-80-40cm寬窄行或55cm等行距，大豆玉米帶間距60~70cm，玉米株距控制在12~14cm、大豆穴距(每穴2粒)15~20cm，玉米畝留苗數(shù)根據(jù)情況可控制在4000~4500株、大豆5500~7500株。
 
　　高效植保：選用自走式雙系統(tǒng)分帶噴桿噴霧機，實現(xiàn)玉米、大豆分帶同步噴藥、除草，也可對普通自走式噴桿噴霧機進行改裝，加裝隔板、分段作業(yè)等方式，進行分帶噴施。隔板高度應(yīng)高于植株高度，可升降；采用定向噴霧裝置，如定向噴頭。
 
　　機械收獲：①適期收獲。玉米適宜收獲期在蠟熟末期至完熟初期，此時玉米植株的中、下部葉片變黃，基部葉片干枯，果穗變黃，苞葉干枯呈黃白色而松散，籽粒脫水變硬乳線消失，微干縮凹陷，籽粒基部(胚下端)出現(xiàn)黑帽層，并呈現(xiàn)出品種固有的色澤。玉米收獲應(yīng)避開雨后，減少地面黏重對行進的影響和果穗濕度大對剝皮、脫粒的影響。采用果穗收獲方式，玉米籽粒含水率一般為 25%~35%；采用籽粒直收方式，玉米籽粒含水率一般為15%~24%。大豆適宜收獲時期是在黃熟期后至完熟期之間，此時大豆葉片脫落80%以上，莖稈變黃，豆莢和籽粒均呈現(xiàn)出原有品種的色澤，籽粒含水率下降到15%~25%，莖稈含水率為45%~55%，豆粒歸圓，植株變成黃褐色，莖和莢變成黃色，用手搖動植株會發(fā)出清脆響聲。大豆收獲作業(yè)應(yīng)該選擇早、晚露水消退時間段進行，避免產(chǎn)生“泥花臉”；應(yīng)避開中午高溫時段，避免收獲時炸莢造成損失。②機械收獲。按照成熟期不同，可分為大豆先收玉米后收、玉米先收大豆后收、大豆玉米分步同時收獲。根據(jù)地塊大小、種植行距、作業(yè)要求選擇適宜的收獲機，并根據(jù)作業(yè)條件調(diào)整各項作業(yè)參數(shù)。玉米收獲機應(yīng)選擇與玉米帶行數(shù)和行距相匹配的割臺配置，行距偏差不應(yīng)超過5㎝，否則將增加落穗損失，寬窄行種植的玉米可選用不對行收獲機收獲。收獲時應(yīng)做到不碾壓或損傷大豆植株，以免造成炸莢、增加損失。大豆收獲機應(yīng)選擇與大豆帶幅寬相匹配的割臺，推薦選用大豆專用收獲機或者換裝浮動割臺、撓性割臺后的谷物聯(lián)合收獲機，降低收獲損失率，大豆收獲時應(yīng)做到不漏收大豆、不碾壓或夾帶玉米植株，留茬高度應(yīng)低于最低結(jié)莢高度。玉米機收作業(yè)質(zhì)量應(yīng)符合NY/T 1355-2007玉米收獲機作業(yè)質(zhì)量標準的要求，大豆機收作業(yè)質(zhì)量應(yīng)符合NY/T 738-2020大豆聯(lián)合收割機作業(yè)質(zhì)量標準的要求。
 
　　秸稈還田：大豆、玉米利用聯(lián)合收獲機實施秸稈粉碎還田，秸稈還田質(zhì)量應(yīng)符合NY/T 500-2015秸稈粉碎還田機作業(yè)質(zhì)量標準的要求。
 
　　注：本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)(m.tmpdc.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：山西省農(nóng)業(yè)機械發(fā)展中心。
 

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