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今年我國已補貼施肥機械1.26萬臺，都是哪些品種，哪些省區(qū)多？

2023-04-24 09:43:38 來源：總站信息處 閱讀量：21031 評論

導讀：截至2023年4月19日，我國已補貼施肥機械12608臺。本次看看補貼的施肥機械都有哪些品種，哪些省區(qū)數(shù)量多。

　　【農機網(wǎng) 補貼動態(tài)】截至2023年4月19日，我國已補貼施肥機械12608臺。本次看看補貼的施肥機械都有哪些品種，哪些省區(qū)數(shù)量多。
 
2023年全國農機展上的施肥機械展品
 
　　1、施肥機械及分類
 
　　如果按施用的肥料分，施肥機可分為化學施肥機和有肥機施肥機；如果按肥料的形態(tài)分，可分為液態(tài)施肥機和固態(tài)施肥機。
 
　　按照新的農業(yè)機械分類標準，施肥機械為農業(yè)機械第12大類 種植與施肥機械，第1205小類 施肥機械。施肥機械設有120501施肥機(含穴施肥機)、120502撒(拋)肥機、120503側深施肥裝置(含平田深施肥機)和120550 其他施肥機械4個品目。
 
　　目前，我國補貼銷售的施肥機械主要有撒(拋)肥機(以下簡稱“撒肥機”)和側深施肥裝置。
 
　　施肥機械的大小用肥廂的容量來區(qū)分，小型施肥機容量不足1立方米，而大型施肥機容量可達10多立方米或更大。由于施肥機械種類多，容量相差很大，所以價格相差也很懸殊。
 
　　2、2023年各省區(qū)公示補貼施肥機械的品種和數(shù)量
 
　　農機購置補貼數(shù)據(jù)顯示，截至2023年4月19日，我國38個農機補貼核算省區(qū)，有25個有公示補貼施肥機械的數(shù)據(jù)，合計補貼各種施肥機械12608臺，其中2023年銷量7317臺，其余為2022年及以前年度銷量。
 
　　分品種看，側深施肥裝置數(shù)量最多，達到6703臺，占比53.16%；撒肥機4646臺，占比36.85%；其余9.99%為施肥機及專項補貼，其中新疆補貼液體肥智能施肥機(專項鑒定)1250臺。
 
　　按省區(qū)分布看，北大荒補貼7345臺，占全國的58.31%；新疆1290臺位居第二，江蘇732臺位居第三。超過400臺的有安徽、黑龍江和吉林三省，湖北300多臺，超過200臺的有江西、河北、內蒙古和廣西四省區(qū)，湖南100多臺。
 
　　以上12省區(qū)合計12211臺，占全國的96.94%，其他省區(qū)均未達到100臺。
 
超過100臺的十二省區(qū)2023年補貼各種施肥機械數(shù)量
 
　　3、2022年各省區(qū)公示補貼施肥機械的品種和數(shù)量
 
　　2022年我國三十八個農機補貼核算省區(qū)中，有二十九省區(qū)公示了施肥機械補貼數(shù)據(jù)，合計補貼施肥機械14148臺，其中2022年銷量10663臺。
 
　　分品種看，側深施肥機最多，達到11398臺，市場占比80.56%；撒肥機2587臺，占比18.29%；其余1.15%為施肥機和專項補貼等。
 
　　按省區(qū)分布看，北大荒補貼4284臺，占全國的30.34%，位列第一；江蘇省補貼2527臺，位列第二；超過2000臺的還有湖南和廣西，其余省區(qū)都不足800臺。
 
超過100臺的十九省區(qū)2022年補貼各種施肥機械數(shù)量
 
　　4、有機肥施肥機最具發(fā)展?jié)摿?br /> 
　　目前的側深施肥裝置和撒肥機中，側深施肥裝置主要是配合播種機和插秧機深施化肥。撒肥機有小型懸掛式和大型牽引式兩種，而有機肥施肥機主要是大型撒肥機。
 
　　多年來，由于養(yǎng)殖業(yè)多為集中在養(yǎng)殖場，農戶一般不養(yǎng)牲畜，因此也沒有了有機肥來源。再加上很多地方以施用化肥為主，基本上不施用有機肥。因此，造成土壤板結和地力下降。
 
　　目前，國家提倡農業(yè)要可持續(xù)，向有機農業(yè)、循環(huán)農業(yè)、綠色農業(yè)和生態(tài)農業(yè)方向發(fā)展，有機肥施肥機具有巨大的發(fā)展?jié)摿涂臻g。
 
　　從目前施肥機械補貼結構看，2023年撒肥機所占比重，由2022年的18%升至近37%，說明有機肥施肥機數(shù)量增長很快。
 
　　有關撒肥機補貼機型與價格，可參見3月30日公眾號文章《已比去年全年增長50%多，機型變化也很大，這種農機發(fā)展有潛力》。
 
2011年漢諾威國際農機展上的液體肥施肥機
 
　　5、發(fā)展有機肥施肥機的建議
 
　　要發(fā)展有機肥施肥機，首先解決有機肥來源問題。一是與養(yǎng)殖場合作。利用養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的廢棄物，不但解決了有機肥來源，也為養(yǎng)殖場解決了畜禽糞便的污染問題。二是發(fā)展秸稈離田積肥。有些地方不適宜搞秸稈直接還田，可將秸稈離田就近積漚成有機肥，不但解決了有機肥來源，也處理了多余的秸稈。
 
　　另外，應大力推廣液體肥施肥機。液體肥具有肥效快，肥效損失少等優(yōu)點，液體肥施肥機施用畜禽糞便或沼液等液體有機肥，具有廣闊的應用前景。

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