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洪澇災(zāi)害災(zāi)后中藥材防控技術(shù)建議

2023-08-08 09:04:15 來(lái)源：黑龍江省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳 閱讀量：18831 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：近日，我省受第五號(hào)臺(tái)風(fēng)“杜蘇芮”的影響，多地遭受暴雨、大暴雨的侵襲，導(dǎo)致部分地區(qū)的山間和大田積水較多，澇漬嚴(yán)重、土壤流失，對(duì)中藥材的生長(zhǎng)、生產(chǎn)和采收造成了極大的影響。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】近日，我省受第五號(hào)臺(tái)風(fēng)“杜蘇芮”的影響，多地遭受暴雨、大暴雨的侵襲，導(dǎo)致部分地區(qū)的山間和大田積水較多，澇漬嚴(yán)重、土壤流失，對(duì)中藥材的生長(zhǎng)、生產(chǎn)和采收造成了極大的影響。一是土壤流失可能造成植物的根被暴露，抓地力減弱，可能會(huì)有倒伏的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。二是土壤中的營(yíng)養(yǎng)會(huì)流失，7、8月份正是生長(zhǎng)旺季，養(yǎng)分缺失可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致減產(chǎn)。三是臺(tái)風(fēng)暴雨過(guò)后有爆發(fā)病蟲(chóng)害的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。四是雨水過(guò)多，會(huì)導(dǎo)致土壤透氣性減弱，植物根系缺少氧氣，加上目前溫度相對(duì)較高，且有很多的枯枝落葉，使一些病菌滋生，很容易導(dǎo)致中藥材根系生長(zhǎng)受到抑制甚至死亡。為切實(shí)做好洪澇災(zāi)害的應(yīng)對(duì)工作，特此發(fā)布中藥材抗災(zāi)減災(zāi)的技術(shù)指導(dǎo)建議。
 
　　一是加強(qiáng)預(yù)防措施。
 
　　臺(tái)風(fēng)“杜蘇芮”為今年來(lái)登陸中國(guó)的最強(qiáng)臺(tái)風(fēng)，應(yīng)及時(shí)關(guān)注天氣預(yù)報(bào)，落實(shí)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)措施，保障排澇設(shè)施功能，加強(qiáng)土壤排水和植物排水。刺五加、人參、黃芪等中藥材，一旦根莖部被水浸泡超過(guò)24小時(shí)，將會(huì)導(dǎo)致不可逆的傷害，后期極易爛根。暴雨發(fā)生前，必須安排專(zhuān)人排查基地水溝，加固溝渠堤壩，同時(shí) 積極疏通基地周?chē)矗ＷC通水順暢。一旦積水后，必須盡快清除排水溝淤泥，保證排水順暢。
 
　　二是災(zāi)后防治減災(zāi)。
 
　　災(zāi)后，要及時(shí)對(duì)受災(zāi)的根莖類(lèi)中藥材進(jìn)行搶救性采收和修復(fù)性栽種。采取有效措施，如對(duì)于受積水困擾的中藥材，要及時(shí)扶苗，并洗去葉片上的泥沙，促進(jìn)植物的迅速恢復(fù)生長(zhǎng)和繁殖，加快生態(tài)環(huán)境的修復(fù)。
 
　　三是合理施用肥料。
 
　　對(duì)出現(xiàn)洪澇災(zāi)害的中藥材種植基地，為促進(jìn)中藥材盡快恢復(fù)生長(zhǎng)，最大限度降低損失，可以適時(shí)適宜施肥，對(duì)于根莖類(lèi)藥材，可增施鉀肥，或植物生根劑。
 
　　四是加強(qiáng)蟲(chóng)害防治。
 
　　前期加強(qiáng)預(yù)防，控制蟲(chóng)害擴(kuò)散蔓延。災(zāi)后蟲(chóng)害夜蛾類(lèi)害蟲(chóng)易發(fā)生，可用物理防治結(jié)合生物農(nóng)藥防治。也可在栽植地撒施一次生石灰等藥粉進(jìn)行土壤消毒處理。
 
　　五是及時(shí)清理田塊。
 
　　中藥材田塊中的殘枝、落葉、黃葉及病葉要及時(shí)清理，減少病菌感染。雨后如遇連續(xù)高溫暴曬，可在中藥材田間建棚覆蓋遮陽(yáng)網(wǎng)，防止雨后暴曬和田間高溫高濕導(dǎo)致死亡。同時(shí)，需及時(shí)將存留的淤泥清除，為保證中藥材根部的代謝能力，在土壤晾干后對(duì)栽植地進(jìn)行全面松土。松土宜淺不宜深，不可大塊翻土。
 
　　責(zé)編：呂   桐
 
　　審核：李昕澤
 
　　統(tǒng)籌：王玉重
 

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