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農(nóng)機化技術推廣典型案例之創(chuàng)新“省市聯(lián)動、地方跟進”模式推進水稻機收減損技能大比武

2023-11-15 09:49:03 來源：廣東農(nóng)技推廣中心 閱讀量：10765 評論

導讀：2021年以來，廣東省農(nóng)業(yè)技術推廣中心在省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳的統(tǒng)一部署下在全國率先組織開展水稻“機收減損”技能大比武活動。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】為貫徹落實習近平總書記關于“厲行節(jié)約、反對浪費”重要指示精神和中央有關糧食減損工作部署，2021年以來，廣東省農(nóng)業(yè)技術推廣中心在省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳的統(tǒng)一部署下在全國率先組織開展水稻“機收減損”技能大比武活動，創(chuàng)新“省市聯(lián)動、地方跟進”模式推進水稻機收減損技能大比武活動，制修訂《廣東省水稻機械化收獲減損技術指引》，強化宣傳推廣，在全社會形成節(jié)約糧食意識，形成可復制可推廣的水稻機收減損推廣模式，堅守糧食安全底線。
 
　　一、基本情況
 
　　廣東省農(nóng)業(yè)技術推廣中心是省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳管理的公益一類副廳級事業(yè)單位，由原省農(nóng)業(yè)技術推廣總站、省畜牧技術推廣總站、省農(nóng)業(yè)機械化技術推廣總站、省農(nóng)業(yè)機械試驗鑒定站、省漁業(yè)技術推廣總站、省海洋漁業(yè)試驗中心等六個事業(yè)單位整合而成，編制 149 人，承擔種植業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)、漁業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)機械化方面的技術示范推廣應用等工作，設有種植業(yè)技術與種業(yè)推廣部、畜牧技術推廣部(廣東省種畜禽質(zhì)量檢測中心)、漁業(yè)技術推廣部(廣東省海洋漁業(yè)試驗中心)、農(nóng)業(yè)機械化技術推廣與鑒定部(廣東省農(nóng)業(yè)機械試驗鑒定站)等職能部門。
 
　　2021年9月10日，習近平總書記在向國際糧食減損大會致賀信指出“糧食安全是事關人類生存的根本性問題，減少糧食損耗是保障糧食安全的重要途徑。”2022年，中辦、國辦印發(fā)《糧食節(jié)約行動方案》明確了“減少田間地頭收獲損耗”的具體要求。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部專門下發(fā)通知要求將機收減損作為糧食生產(chǎn)機械化工作的重中之重常抓不懈。廣東省委省政府在部署廣東糧食節(jié)約減損具體實施方案中明確提出了“實施水稻機收減損工程”的具體措施，由廣東省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳主抓落實。廣東省農(nóng)業(yè)技術推廣中心主動站位、積極行動，緊緊圍繞省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳的工作部署，創(chuàng)新“省市聯(lián)動、地方跟進”模式推進全省水稻機收減損技能大比武活動，取得了實實在在的效果。
 
　　二、主要做法
 
　　1、多措并舉，加強指導。影響機收損失的因素很多，因此要推動機收減損工作取得實效，必須要多方聯(lián)動、多措并舉，形成合力共同推進。一是加強技術指導工作。省農(nóng)業(yè)技術推廣中心充分發(fā)揮人才力量優(yōu)勢，進一步加強農(nóng)藝、農(nóng)機技術專家融合，分別組織了農(nóng)機、農(nóng)藝與一線“土專家”組成編制小組，深入田間地頭了解農(nóng)戶、機手對機械化收割水稻存在的問題和難點，多次組織研討，針對廣東晚稻種植品種、秋收氣候環(huán)境等因素，2021年牽頭制定了適用于廣東區(qū)域指導的《水稻機械化收獲減損技術指引(試用)》在全省發(fā)布使用，并于2022年根據(jù)使用反饋意見增加了宜機品種選擇、播種省種、高效種植以及機械烘干減少損失等方面內(nèi)容，進一步完善修訂，更好地指導全省各地開展水稻機收減損工作。二是做好水稻收割機械使用質(zhì)量指導。結(jié)合開展農(nóng)機質(zhì)量調(diào)查工作，組織“廣東農(nóng)技輕騎兵”到田間生產(chǎn)一線，重點對水稻聯(lián)合收割機使用開展質(zhì)量跟蹤調(diào)查和田間收獲損失率調(diào)查，2021年-2022年共完成了近100戶收割機使用者質(zhì)量跟蹤調(diào)查，為我省農(nóng)民朋友選用“良機”提供科學參考。三是多形式組織技術培訓。采用以會配訓、以賽代訓、以賽提技等多種形式對專業(yè)農(nóng)機手開展培訓工作，針對性強化骨干機手的減損操作技能和職業(yè)素養(yǎng)，三年來全省線上線下共舉辦以水稻機收減損為主要內(nèi)容的培訓班百余場，培訓農(nóng)機手和農(nóng)民超過20000多人。
 
2021年廣東省水稻機收減損技能大比武活動(廣州賽區(qū))
 
　　2、上下聯(lián)動，共同推進。在疫情防控常態(tài)化條件下創(chuàng)新舉措，以“省市聯(lián)動、地市跟進”的形式組織開展水稻機收減損技能大比武活動，2021年至2023年上半年，分別在粵東、粵西、粵北和珠三角不同區(qū)域舉辦24場，各市跟進舉辦近60場。廣東省農(nóng)業(yè)技術推廣中心帶著技術、資金和專業(yè)技術人員下沉到一線，通過上下聯(lián)動舉辦大比武活動，在基層培養(yǎng)了一批具有節(jié)糧減損操作技能和減損職業(yè)素養(yǎng)的農(nóng)機操作手，樹立了先進典型，引導廣大農(nóng)機手在實際生產(chǎn)中牢固樹立“節(jié)糧減損”意識，對促進水稻機收減損工作具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。
 
　　3、鏈接資源，加大宣傳。推進水稻機收減損工作的取得實效，宣傳工作必不可少。在組織各類現(xiàn)場活動和大比武活動中，我們主動邀請了南方農(nóng)村報等媒體作為協(xié)辦單位，全程參與并跟蹤開展活動情況、優(yōu)秀選手事跡報道等工作，在全社會營造關心機收減損、支持機收減損工作的良好氛圍。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計，三年來共有南方農(nóng)村報、廣東省電視臺各市級電視臺、網(wǎng)站和報紙等新聞媒體對水稻機收減損宣傳報道超過百次，相關大比武作業(yè)視頻在快手、抖音、南方+、微視等平臺轉(zhuǎn)載，累計觀看人次超過200多萬人次。機收減損技術專家在田間技術指導被南方日報、央視第4頻道等媒體采訪報道多次。
 
　　三、取得成效
 
　　以“省市聯(lián)動、地方跟進”模式推進全省水稻機收減損技能大比武活動，推動我省水稻機收減損工作取得較好成效，主要體現(xiàn)在廣大農(nóng)機手在開展水稻收割中的損失率有了較為理想的降低，并有保持穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的趨勢。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，2022年，共組織“省市聯(lián)動”水稻機收減損技能大比武活動8場，組織各市縣開展水稻機收損失率監(jiān)測調(diào)查采樣點195個，監(jiān)測中損失率低于3.5%的采樣點基本上達到了100%，損失率低于2%的有110個，占比達到56%。2023年上半年水稻機收損失率繼續(xù)維持在較低的水平，監(jiān)測的平均損失率集中在2%-3.3%之間。據(jù)測算，如果廣東水稻機收田頭損失平均下降1個百分點，理論上可實現(xiàn)增收糧食約1億公斤，相當于增加了27萬畝的“無形良田”，真正實現(xiàn)“減損就是增產(chǎn)”的目的。
 
2022年廣東“省市聯(lián)動”云浮市水稻機收減損技能大比武活動
 
　　四、經(jīng)驗啟示
 
　　創(chuàng)新“省市聯(lián)動、地方跟進”模式推進全省水稻機收減損技能大比武活動，推動全省一盤棋實施水稻機收減損工程。通過“省市聯(lián)動”舉辦大比武活動，把資金、技術和專業(yè)技術人員下沉，幫助基層解決了資金不夠、人力不足等問題；以大比武活動為契機，培訓基層農(nóng)機推廣人員掌握水稻機收減損技術和機收損失率測定，使基層能自行舉辦大比武活動，帶動了各地舉辦水稻機收減損大比武活動的積極性；以“省市聯(lián)動”形式開展大比武活動，形成了多層次、高水準、政府主導、社會參與的水稻機收減損技能大比武活動。通過創(chuàng)新“省市聯(lián)動、地方跟進”模式推進全省水稻機收減損技能大比武活動，切實形成了一個可復制可推廣的水稻機收減損推廣模式。
 
2023年廣東省“省市聯(lián)動”(清遠市)夏收水稻機收減損技能大比武活動
 

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