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冬麥苗情不及上年 農(nóng)業(yè)部要求適當(dāng)恢復(fù)春麥種植

2016-02-23 11:48:05 來(lái)源:中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理自中華糧網(wǎng)、農(nóng)業(yè)部 閱讀量:19470 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀:小麥?zhǔn)侨蠊任镏?,在世界各地有著廣泛的種植,其生產(chǎn)量幾乎全作食用,僅約有六分之一作為飼料使用。2015年我國(guó)種植小麥面積24141.3公頃,單位面積產(chǎn)量5392.7萬(wàn)噸,總產(chǎn)量13018.7萬(wàn)噸。

      【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 政策標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】小麥?zhǔn)侨蠊任镏?,在世界各地有著廣泛的種植,其生產(chǎn)量幾乎全作食用,僅約有六分之一作為飼料使用。2015年我國(guó)種植小麥面積24141.3公頃,單位面積產(chǎn)量5392.7萬(wàn)噸,總產(chǎn)量13018.7萬(wàn)噸。

資料圖

      當(dāng)前春季田管和春耕備耕即將由南向北陸續(xù)展開(kāi)。農(nóng)業(yè)部19日召開(kāi)了全國(guó)春季田管暨春耕備耕工作視頻會(huì)議,深入分析當(dāng)前糧食和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)形勢(shì)。農(nóng)情調(diào)度顯示,預(yù)計(jì)今年冬小麥播種面積3.4億畝,與上年基本持平。

      據(jù)介紹,與往年相比,今年春季田管和春耕生產(chǎn)有兩點(diǎn)不同。一是春季麥田管理任務(wù)更加繁重。農(nóng)業(yè)專家分析,今年冬小麥苗情是近幾年較復(fù)雜的一年,目前苗情基礎(chǔ)差于上年,尤其是江淮地區(qū)晚播麥個(gè)體偏弱、群體不足。據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)部農(nóng)情調(diào)度,11個(gè)小麥主產(chǎn)省冬小麥一類苗比例44.3%,同比下降5.1個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。二是結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整安排作物茬口任務(wù)更加繁重。

      日前,農(nóng)業(yè)部印發(fā)《2016年種植業(yè)工作要點(diǎn)》指出,穩(wěn)定黃淮地區(qū)冬小麥,適當(dāng)恢復(fù)北方春小麥。

      在發(fā)展目標(biāo)上,農(nóng)業(yè)部要求提升“三個(gè)能力”。一是提升糧食等主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給能力。夯實(shí)谷物基本自給、口糧安全的基礎(chǔ),棉花、食用植物油和糖料等農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給穩(wěn)定。二是提升農(nóng)業(yè)質(zhì)量效益和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。三是提升可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力。

      《要點(diǎn)》強(qiáng)調(diào),今年種植業(yè)發(fā)展的首要任務(wù)是穩(wěn)定糧食生產(chǎn),保持糧食產(chǎn)量基本穩(wěn)定,防止出現(xiàn)滑坡。重點(diǎn)任務(wù)是穩(wěn)定小麥水稻面積,守住“口糧安全”的底線。強(qiáng)化政策引導(dǎo),落實(shí)小麥、稻谷低收購(gòu)價(jià)等政策,指導(dǎo)農(nóng)民安排好種植結(jié)構(gòu),確保小麥、水稻面積穩(wěn)定在8億畝以上。穩(wěn)定黃淮地區(qū)冬小麥,適當(dāng)恢復(fù)北方春小麥。鞏固提升東北粳稻,穩(wěn)定南方雙季稻。積極發(fā)展稻米和強(qiáng)筋弱筋小麥,滿足消費(fèi)需求。會(huì)同發(fā)改委等部門(mén),實(shí)施《糧食安全省長(zhǎng)責(zé)任制考核辦法》,細(xì)化指標(biāo),落實(shí)責(zé)任,加強(qiáng)督查,調(diào)動(dòng)地方重農(nóng)抓糧積極性。

      《要點(diǎn)》指出,要調(diào)整優(yōu)化種植結(jié)構(gòu),提高種植業(yè)發(fā)展質(zhì)量。實(shí)施《全國(guó)種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整規(guī)劃(2016-2020年)》,有序推進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,加快構(gòu)建糧經(jīng)飼統(tǒng)籌、農(nóng)牧結(jié)合、種養(yǎng)加一體、一二三產(chǎn)業(yè)融合的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展格局。把握調(diào)整目標(biāo),實(shí)現(xiàn)“兩保、三穩(wěn)、兩協(xié)調(diào)”,即??诩Z、保谷物,穩(wěn)定棉花、食用植物油、糖料自給水平,促進(jìn)蔬菜生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)、飼草生產(chǎn)與畜牧養(yǎng)殖協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。明確調(diào)整任務(wù),著力構(gòu)建糧經(jīng)飼協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的作物結(jié)構(gòu)、適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)需求的品種結(jié)構(gòu)、生產(chǎn)生態(tài)協(xié)調(diào)的區(qū)域結(jié)構(gòu)、用地養(yǎng)地結(jié)合的耕作制度。

      落實(shí)《農(nóng)業(yè)部關(guān)于“鐮刀彎”地區(qū)玉米結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)》的要求,鞏固提升優(yōu)勢(shì)區(qū),調(diào)減非優(yōu)勢(shì)區(qū),采取有力措施,層層分解任務(wù),力爭(zhēng)調(diào)減1000萬(wàn)畝以上的玉米面積。加強(qiáng)政策引導(dǎo),落實(shí)好“糧改飼”和糧豆輪作等補(bǔ)助政策。落實(shí)替代作物,根據(jù)市場(chǎng)需求和農(nóng)牧發(fā)展需要,因地制宜發(fā)展青貯玉米、飼草、雜糧雜豆等作物。

      啟動(dòng)實(shí)施耕地輪作休耕制度試點(diǎn)。堅(jiān)持生態(tài)優(yōu)先、輪作為主、休耕為輔、自然恢復(fù)的方針,加大政策扶持,強(qiáng)化科技支撐,加快構(gòu)建用地養(yǎng)地結(jié)合的耕作制度,促進(jìn)資源永續(xù)利用、農(nóng)業(yè)持續(xù)發(fā)展。制定實(shí)施方案,確定輪作休耕試點(diǎn)的規(guī)模范圍、補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、操作方式。突出重點(diǎn)區(qū)域,輪作重點(diǎn)在玉米非優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)區(qū),休耕重點(diǎn)在河北地下水漏斗區(qū)、南方重金屬污染區(qū),先行試點(diǎn),積累經(jīng)驗(yàn),逐步推開(kāi)。輪作以糧豆輪作、糧油輪作、糧飼輪作、水旱輪作為主。

      《要點(diǎn)》還對(duì)推進(jìn)馬鈴薯產(chǎn)業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)、加強(qiáng)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田建設(shè)、圍繞“糧改飼”、糧豆輪作等方面加快推進(jìn)種業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新、加快推廣高產(chǎn)多抗的棉油糖新品種、推進(jìn)化肥農(nóng)藥減量增效等重點(diǎn)工作進(jìn)行了具體部署。

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