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中國農(nóng)機(jī)工業(yè)問題突出 轉(zhuǎn)型升級才是良策

2017-06-15 11:21:20 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量：51613 評論

導(dǎo)讀：此時正值農(nóng)忙時節(jié)，在三夏搶收的戰(zhàn)場上，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械發(fā)揮了不容小覷的力量，各地小麥豐收捷報頻傳，據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)部統(tǒng)計，截至6月8日17時，全國已收獲冬小麥18482萬畝，機(jī)收比例達(dá)到90%。農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化是農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的基礎(chǔ)，在我國農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的大背景下，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化的發(fā)展是大勢所趨。

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】 此時正值農(nóng)忙時節(jié)，在三夏搶收的戰(zhàn)場上，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械發(fā)揮了不容小覷的力量，各地小麥豐收捷報頻傳，據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)部統(tǒng)計，截至6月8日17時，全國已收獲冬小麥18482萬畝，機(jī)收比例達(dá)到90%。農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化是農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的基礎(chǔ)，在我國農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的大背景下，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化的發(fā)展是大勢所趨。
 
　　“十二五”時期，我國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展成就顯著，農(nóng)機(jī)裝備結(jié)構(gòu)有新的改善，農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)水平實現(xiàn)了新的跨越，全國農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率達(dá)到 63.8%，在如此利好的發(fā)展趨勢下，我國農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展環(huán)境也呈現(xiàn)一派清明的景象，但是我國農(nóng)機(jī)工業(yè)的發(fā)展卻顯現(xiàn)了一些弊端：需求旺盛但供給不足、關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)受制于人、農(nóng)機(jī)裝備稀缺。只有實現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)型升級，農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè)才能保持穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。
 
　　審時度勢    適應(yīng)新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體崛起的新形勢
 
　　我國是一個農(nóng)業(yè)大國，農(nóng)機(jī)工業(yè)發(fā)展空間巨大，加上現(xiàn)在農(nóng)村年輕人集體外出打工導(dǎo)致的農(nóng)村空心化和農(nóng)民老齡化的問題日趨嚴(yán)重，農(nóng)民對農(nóng)機(jī)的需求越來越高，農(nóng)機(jī)需求旺盛。以往農(nóng)民主要種植糧食作物，對農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品的需求主要集合在中低端農(nóng)機(jī)，結(jié)合全國農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展第十三個五年規(guī)劃的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，馬鈴薯、花生、牧草、棉花、甘蔗等方面機(jī)械產(chǎn)品發(fā)展還很滯后，馬鈴薯收獲機(jī)的保有量僅占6萬臺，谷物烘干機(jī)僅占6.9萬臺，花生收獲機(jī)占14.3萬臺，這在一定程度上制約了農(nóng)機(jī)化水平的全面提升。
 
　　近年來，隨著土地規(guī)?；?jīng)營的快速發(fā)展，農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社和家庭農(nóng)場正如雨后春筍般蓬勃發(fā)展，他們逐漸占據(jù)著農(nóng)機(jī)市場，成為農(nóng)機(jī)市場消費的中堅力量。因此，農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展要適應(yīng)新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體崛起的新形勢。
 
　　走出    以開放式的心態(tài)搞研發(fā)
 
　　中國大大小小的農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)不下萬家，其中也不乏行業(yè)內(nèi)的，比如中聯(lián)重科、中國一拖、雷沃重工等，這些企業(yè)在產(chǎn)品研發(fā)方面一直在創(chuàng)新，企業(yè)規(guī)模也在不斷擴(kuò)大，但與國外的約翰迪爾、紐荷蘭等農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)相比的話，則顯得規(guī)模較小，研發(fā)能力不夠強，相對的技術(shù)能力也比較薄弱，這樣的企業(yè)在市場競爭中無疑是處于弱勢的。要想突破核心技術(shù)的瓶頸，還得走出去向國外農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)，借鑒他們的先進(jìn)技術(shù)，再結(jié)合我國現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的實際情況，研發(fā)出中國“智造”的農(nóng)機(jī)裝備。我國鼓勵農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)以合資、并購等方式整合資源，以先進(jìn)技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品拓展市場。
 
　　奮起直追    搶占農(nóng)機(jī)市場
 
　　農(nóng)機(jī)裝備的稀缺和核心技術(shù)力量的匱乏有很大關(guān)系。前面提到我國對農(nóng)機(jī)的需求主要還是集中在中低端農(nóng)機(jī)，農(nóng)機(jī)供給不足，依賴進(jìn)口，這也是農(nóng)機(jī)裝備稀缺的一大痛點，因此，科技創(chuàng)新對我國農(nóng)機(jī)工業(yè)的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。前段時間雷沃重工歐洲研發(fā)的阿波斯P5000拖拉機(jī)一舉斬獲紅點獎，一時之間成為農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)的焦點，這款拖拉機(jī)采用了全新自主研發(fā)的動力換擋技術(shù)，在此之前，這種動力換擋技術(shù)一直是中國農(nóng)機(jī)制造企業(yè)*的，如今，雷沃阿波斯通過在整合資源，填補了這種技術(shù)的空白，這在一定程度上也促進(jìn)了我國農(nóng)機(jī)工業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)型升級。
 
　　放眼中國農(nóng)機(jī)制造業(yè)的未來，農(nóng)機(jī)市場才是其發(fā)展藍(lán)海，中國農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)還需奮起直追，搶占農(nóng)機(jī)市場。
 
　　結(jié)語
 
　　據(jù)了解，我國農(nóng)機(jī)工業(yè)在2015年的總產(chǎn)值達(dá)到了4523多億元，躍居世界農(nóng)機(jī)制造國，我國農(nóng)機(jī)工業(yè)正在快速發(fā)展，但與發(fā)達(dá)國家相比，仍存在較大差距，主要表現(xiàn)在這些方面：一是發(fā)展不平衡，目前我國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化水平僅衡量小麥、水稻、玉米等8個主要田間作物的機(jī)械化耕種水平，瓜果、蔬菜等經(jīng)濟(jì)作物的機(jī)械化水平較低;機(jī)耕水平普遍較高，機(jī)種、機(jī)收水平較低。二是公共服務(wù)能力不足。三是作業(yè)質(zhì)量、效率不高，僅解決了簡單的機(jī)械耕、種、收，作業(yè)度與發(fā)達(dá)國家差距較大?？偟膩碚f，我國農(nóng)機(jī)工業(yè)大而不強，轉(zhuǎn)型升級刻不容緩。

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