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你們真的不知道在中國養(yǎng)小龍蝦有多難！

2017-09-19 13:28:44 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量：50954 評論

導(dǎo)讀：據(jù)媒體報道，小龍蝦學(xué)名克氏原螯蝦，原產(chǎn)美國，1930年隨著美國商船進(jìn)入日本境內(nèi)。每年夏秋之際(5-11月)北海道釧路市阿寒湖旁，都會有人前來捕獲一種中國人很熟悉的水產(chǎn)：小龍蝦。但是當(dāng)?shù)夭东@小龍蝦并非為了一嘗美味，而是嚴(yán)密控制這種外來物種的擴(kuò)張，防止破壞湖水生態(tài)。

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】每年5月下旬開始，長江以南的地區(qū)就是吃小龍蝦的天堂，比如湖北湖南小龍蝦餐館的叫賣，“吃蝦子開始了，吃蝦子開始了，本店特惠XXX”。因為在6月到8月，這期間的小龍蝦為肥美。殊不知，小龍蝦在日本卻成為了當(dāng)?shù)赝鈦砦锓N禍害的典型代表。
 
　　據(jù)媒體報道，小龍蝦學(xué)名克氏原螯蝦，原產(chǎn)美國，1930年隨著美國商船進(jìn)入日本境內(nèi)。每年夏秋之際(5-11月)北海道釧路市阿寒湖旁，都會有人前來捕獲一種中國人很熟悉的水產(chǎn)：小龍蝦。但是當(dāng)?shù)夭东@小龍蝦并非為了一嘗美味，而是嚴(yán)密控制這種外來物種的擴(kuò)張，防止破壞湖水生態(tài)。
 
　　由于小龍蝦繁衍太快，1980年代開始當(dāng)?shù)卣试S漁民圍捕小龍蝦。當(dāng)?shù)匦『⒆佑袝r候也會幫忙捉蝦，每年大約有4噸的收貨量。但是小龍蝦的繁衍速度實在太快，單靠捕撈完全無法根除這種生物。所以當(dāng)?shù)氐拇髮W(xué)、農(nóng)業(yè)研究所等對小龍蝦的繁殖習(xí)慣、生活習(xí)性進(jìn)行跟蹤觀察，以確定更科學(xué)的驅(qū)逐方法。
 
　　在阿寒湖捕獲的小龍蝦，也會被當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣駠L試送到東京等大城市里當(dāng)成食材。但是這部分?jǐn)?shù)量很少，販賣小龍蝦的收入也只占了漁民總收入的4%。因此，大家對賣小龍蝦還是沒有太大的興趣。
 
　　那些多余的小龍蝦怎么辦呢？那只好當(dāng)場人道毀滅，漁民直接踩碎了，當(dāng)成肥料了。網(wǎng)友大呼，這又在騙我們?nèi)ト毡境晕r的節(jié)奏?；蛟S，北海道當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣裾娴牟恢涝谥袊鵀榱顺晕r，養(yǎng)殖的過程有多么艱辛。
 
　　養(yǎng)蝦也是技術(shù)活，不要簡單地以為人工養(yǎng)殖淡水河蝦，只需定時投放飼料。
 
　　首先，育苗設(shè)施有講究。工廠化育苗設(shè)施主要有室內(nèi)孵化池、臺苗池、供水系統(tǒng)、供氣系統(tǒng)及應(yīng)急供電設(shè)備等。繁殖池、育苗池的面積一般為12～20米²，池水1米左右，建有進(jìn)排水系統(tǒng)及供氣設(shè)施，進(jìn)排水管道以塑料制品為好。
 
　　其次，水源是基本也是重要的因素，它決定著水質(zhì)條件和養(yǎng)殖成敗。一般要求水源穩(wěn)定、充足、清潔、衛(wèi)生、水溫適宜，水質(zhì)良好，無任何污染，符合國家漁業(yè)水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，同時要求注、排水方便，且單排單注。在注、排水口要建好攔魚網(wǎng)具，既避免敵害生物及野雜魚入池，又可防止各種養(yǎng)殖品種的逃逸。
 
　　第三，要增產(chǎn)須調(diào)節(jié)水質(zhì)。精養(yǎng)池塘應(yīng)配備專門的增氧機(jī)，一般在晴天的中午2時-3時開機(jī)增氧，有浮頭危險時也可開機(jī)增氧。增氧機(jī)具有增氧、攪水和曝氣的功能，是目前有效的改善水質(zhì)、防止浮頭、提高產(chǎn)量的專用養(yǎng)殖機(jī)械之一。因此，在池塘養(yǎng)殖小龍蝦時，高產(chǎn)池塘需要使用增氧機(jī)。目前，我國已生產(chǎn)出噴水式、水車式、管葉式、涌噴式、射流式和葉輪式等類型的增氧機(jī)，其中以葉輪式增氧機(jī)增氧效果好，在小龍蝦池塘養(yǎng)殖中使用也廣泛。
 
　　據(jù)水產(chǎn)專家試驗表明，使用增氧機(jī)的池塘凈產(chǎn)可增長14%左右。在高產(chǎn)池塘里合理使用增氧機(jī)，具有以下作用:一是促進(jìn)池塘 內(nèi)物質(zhì)循環(huán)的速度，能充分利用水體;二是提前開啟機(jī)器，能有效預(yù)防浮頭，穩(wěn)定水質(zhì);三是在浮頭發(fā)生時，開啟增氧機(jī)，可直接解救浮頭，防止池塘進(jìn)一步惡化為泛塘現(xiàn)象；四是可增加魚種和小龍蝦苗種的放養(yǎng)密度和增加投喂施肥量，從而提高產(chǎn)量。
 
　　雖然，高產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖小龍蝦的技術(shù)不止這些，但足以看出，這個在北海道*繁殖，被視為外來入侵生物的小龍蝦，在中國人工養(yǎng)殖卻還是個精細(xì)活。
 
　　注：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng)，轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處，違者必究！
 
　　資料數(shù)據(jù)參考：水產(chǎn)資料大全
 
　　圖片來源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)
 

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