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到底是“農(nóng)業(yè)適應(yīng)機(jī)械化”還是“機(jī)械化適應(yīng)農(nóng)業(yè)”？

2017-12-06 13:57:42 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 作者：小虎牙 閱讀量：43861 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：“農(nóng)業(yè)的根本出路在于機(jī)械化”，早年的這句口號(hào)給今天的農(nóng)業(yè)帶來了翻天覆地的變化，在我國農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化工作中起著重大的啟蒙和指導(dǎo)作用，在我國大力推行農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化的道路上，這句口號(hào)不斷得到印證。

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】 “農(nóng)業(yè)的根本出路在于機(jī)械化”，早年的這句口號(hào)給今天的農(nóng)業(yè)帶來了翻天覆地的變化，在我國農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化工作中起著重大的啟蒙和指導(dǎo)作用，在我國大力推行農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化的道路上，這句口號(hào)不斷得到印證。
 

 
        回顧我國的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展歷程，大致可以概括為四個(gè)階段：
 
　　一是1949年至1980年，此時(shí)也是“農(nóng)業(yè)的根本出路在于機(jī)械化”這句論斷誕生的階段，這一階段我國制定了明確的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展目標(biāo)和相應(yīng)的政策方針，有條件的地區(qū)甚至成立了農(nóng)機(jī)站，此后便如雨后春筍般迅速建立了較為完善的農(nóng)機(jī)管理、科研、教育、制造、流通、鑒定、推廣、監(jiān)理、維修和服務(wù)體系。
 
　　二是1981至1995年，此時(shí)農(nóng)村土地實(shí)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)重大轉(zhuǎn)折，開始實(shí)行家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制，由于這一制度的實(shí)施，此前的農(nóng)機(jī)站逐漸解散，我國農(nóng)機(jī)工業(yè)自此進(jìn)入大規(guī)模的結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整階段。
 
　　三是1996至2003年，這一時(shí)期農(nóng)村開始出現(xiàn)“空心化”問題，勞動(dòng)力逐漸短缺，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化跨區(qū)機(jī)收等農(nóng)機(jī)社會(huì)化服務(wù)開始現(xiàn)出端倪，并在后來很長一段時(shí)間呈現(xiàn)出節(jié)節(jié)攀升的趨勢，一度成為當(dāng)時(shí)我國農(nóng)機(jī)工業(yè)發(fā)展的支柱性產(chǎn)業(yè)。
 
　　四是2004至2014年，此階段被視為農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)的“黃金十年”，由于農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼政策的拉動(dòng)，成為農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)*光輝鼎盛的一個(gè)階段。
 
　　此后，我國農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)逐漸取得了一些舉世矚目的成就，開始在世界農(nóng)機(jī)方陣中占據(jù)一席之地，但是在農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械大力發(fā)展的進(jìn)程中，一個(gè)問題卻不容忽視，到底是農(nóng)業(yè)適應(yīng)機(jī)械化還是機(jī)械化適應(yīng)農(nóng)業(yè)？在農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化的發(fā)展初期，我們理所當(dāng)然的認(rèn)為應(yīng)該是農(nóng)機(jī)適應(yīng)農(nóng)業(yè)，現(xiàn)在看來，這個(gè)觀念并不完全正確。
 
　　隨著農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的廣泛應(yīng)用，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)對(duì)農(nóng)機(jī)的依賴越來越明顯，相應(yīng)的，對(duì)農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)的要求也越來越精細(xì)，迫切需要農(nóng)機(jī)與農(nóng)藝緊密融合來促進(jìn)農(nóng)機(jī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化生產(chǎn)，這也是建設(shè)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的必經(jīng)之路。只有農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝實(shí)現(xiàn)融合發(fā)展，農(nóng)機(jī)才有更廣闊的應(yīng)用平臺(tái)；農(nóng)藝的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化規(guī)范化，也進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)了農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè)化，實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)工業(yè)化，終實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化。
 
　　由此觀之，不能單一認(rèn)定機(jī)械化適應(yīng)農(nóng)業(yè)，或者是農(nóng)業(yè)適應(yīng)機(jī)械化，這兩者乃是相輔相成，缺一不可的，在我國的農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展之路上發(fā)揮著重要的作用，只有實(shí)現(xiàn)了農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝的深度融合，全程機(jī)械化的理想才能早日實(shí)現(xiàn)。

上一篇： “水稅”壓制下：農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水灌溉矛盾能化解嗎？

下一篇：智能農(nóng)業(yè)帶來的危機(jī)感 “與其擔(dān)心，不如擔(dān)當(dāng)”

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