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無人機(jī)在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的廣泛應(yīng)用帶來的是巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會效益

2018-08-10 10:05:07 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：49569 評論

導(dǎo)讀：現(xiàn)如今，無人機(jī)已經(jīng)在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域得到了大范圍應(yīng)用和認(rèn)可，除了使用范圍廣的噴灑農(nóng)藥外，還有無人機(jī)播種、無人機(jī)監(jiān)測等，可謂“一機(jī)多用”，范圍越來越廣，而無人機(jī)在農(nóng)業(yè)上的價值也得到充分肯定。

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】現(xiàn)如今，無人機(jī)已經(jīng)在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域得到了大范圍應(yīng)用和認(rèn)可，除了使用范圍廣的噴灑農(nóng)藥外，還有無人機(jī)播種、無人機(jī)監(jiān)測等，可謂“一機(jī)多用”，范圍越來越廣，而無人機(jī)在農(nóng)業(yè)上的價值也得到充分肯定。
 
　　西湖龍井茶園無人機(jī)治蟲
 
　　為有效降低人工成本和減少化學(xué)農(nóng)藥使用，提升西湖龍井茶質(zhì)量水平，西湖景區(qū)在梅家塢村舉行茶園無人機(jī)防治試點(diǎn)工作，對梅家塢梅靈南路兩側(cè)近200畝茶園進(jìn)行防治，出動4架無人機(jī)，施用純生物農(nóng)藥——短穩(wěn)桿菌和茶皂素，重點(diǎn)針對近期高發(fā)的茶尺蠖和小綠葉蟬。
 
　　純生物農(nóng)藥的施用，可避免由于高濃度噴施可能造成的殘留問題。據(jù)悉，本次試點(diǎn)工作邀請了中國農(nóng)科院茶葉研究所、省農(nóng)業(yè)廳、市農(nóng)業(yè)局的專家進(jìn)行技術(shù)指導(dǎo)，在今年試點(diǎn)完成后將出具專業(yè)性的成果報告，為下一步的無人機(jī)防治推廣工作奠定基礎(chǔ)。
 
　　近年來，西湖景區(qū)通過實施西湖龍井茶統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治工作，加強(qiáng)病蟲害預(yù)測預(yù)報，實施農(nóng)藥定點(diǎn)供應(yīng)和補(bǔ)貼等政策，大大提升了西湖龍井茶產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量水平。相關(guān)工作人員表示，西湖龍井茶園采用無人機(jī)防治主要出于兩個原因，一是降低人工成本，使原來一家一戶的分散防治達(dá)到統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治，降低人工成本的同時，還可以提高整體防治效果；二是降低化學(xué)農(nóng)藥的使用，試點(diǎn)區(qū)域今年將采取全生物農(nóng)藥進(jìn)行防治，試點(diǎn)結(jié)束后，將對比相關(guān)化學(xué)防治效果，如果效果較好，將在后期大范圍推廣。
 
　　廣東雷州市無人機(jī)播種水稻
 
　　正是晚稻播種時節(jié)，在廣東湛江市雷州市東西洋田，一臺無人機(jī)沿直線運(yùn)作，“肚子”*地吐出一粒粒稻谷——8月6日上午，在雷州市那毛種養(yǎng)農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社，當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民正在用無人機(jī)播撒水稻種子，這一舉措讓當(dāng)?shù)胤N田機(jī)械化程度得到了進(jìn)一步提高。無人機(jī)播種水稻是雷州市那毛種養(yǎng)農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社著力開展的創(chuàng)新之舉，探索水稻生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化的新技術(shù)、新模式。
 
　　據(jù)了解，傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)中的播種，從選種到將秧苗插入田中，至少還要經(jīng)過泡種、育苗這兩道工序。無論是哪道工序，都需要投入大量的精力?，F(xiàn)場的專家介紹，傳統(tǒng)的人力播種，每人每天(按8個小時工作量計算)大概能種800粒種子。同樣的工作量，無人機(jī)預(yù)計1個小時就能完成。無人機(jī)采用植保無人機(jī)精量播種方式，省去傳統(tǒng)水稻種植需要人工播種、秧苗管理、拔秧、插秧等繁瑣而耗費(fèi)人力的諸多環(huán)節(jié)。
 
　　“2年前，我們就開始探索無人機(jī)播種水稻。我們采取采點(diǎn)、取樣、實收等方式測產(chǎn)，結(jié)果證明，無人機(jī)播種水稻，比傳統(tǒng)的‘穴直播’水稻增產(chǎn)30kg/畝。”廣東省農(nóng)業(yè)廳派駐那毛村扶貧書記彭彬說，較之傳統(tǒng)的插秧，“直播”出來種子密度更高，為農(nóng)戶節(jié)省人力物力。接下來，將繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大飛播水稻試驗種植面積，以那毛村為點(diǎn)，向外拓展，推動農(nóng)業(yè)新技術(shù)向雷州乃至湛江普及，實現(xiàn)資源共享，合作共贏。
 
　　貴州錦屏縣無人機(jī)噴灑納米硒提高稻生產(chǎn)效率
 
　　8月2日，在錦屏縣銅鼓鎮(zhèn)有機(jī)稻種植示范基地里，一臺八翼無人機(jī)正在稻田上方幾米高的位置“嗡嗡”著來回盤旋，這是銅鼓鎮(zhèn)嫩寨稻種植合作社次引進(jìn)無人機(jī)進(jìn)行噴灑微生物納米硒作業(yè)。田邊，一位操作人員手持一臺無線遙控裝置，不到2個小時就完成了150畝有機(jī)稻的噴灑任務(wù)。
 
　　據(jù)相關(guān)人員介紹，給有機(jī)稻噴灑微生物納米硒，可以有效提高作物本身硒的含量，使水稻達(dá)到富硒標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，附加值每斤可增加1.5元以上，在產(chǎn)品過剩的時代，高品質(zhì)、高附加值的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品更加為消費(fèi)者所青睞。
 
　　據(jù)悉，今年錦屏縣銅鼓鎮(zhèn)、偶里鄉(xiāng)、固本鄉(xiāng)、河口鄉(xiāng)4個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)有機(jī)稻示范基地890畝，采用“公司+合作社+農(nóng)戶”模式實施，把具有錦屏特色的“杉鄉(xiāng)”牌大米打造起來，可有效帶動貧困戶脫貧致富。
 
　　結(jié)語
 
　　我國是農(nóng)業(yè)大國，無人機(jī)在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的投入帶來的是巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)價值和社會價值。無人機(jī)技術(shù)不光是中國農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的一場革命，更將是我國高科技農(nóng)業(yè)時代的轉(zhuǎn)折。
 
　　本文由中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：浙江新聞、湛江晚報、錦屏縣政府辦公室，如有侵權(quán)或異議請聯(lián)系我們。

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