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農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)的“后一公里”——倉儲保鮮冷鏈物流建設(shè)將迎發(fā)展

2020-04-20 17:21:54 來源:農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:林言 閱讀量:45930 評論

導(dǎo)讀: 今年以來,受疫情的影響,部分農(nóng)產(chǎn)品銷路受阻,囤積的產(chǎn)品由于缺乏存儲冷庫而腐爛,給農(nóng)民帶來了損失,同時(shí)也把農(nóng)產(chǎn)品倉儲保鮮冷鏈物流建設(shè)的需求擺上了更迫切的位置。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 我是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)大國,但很多農(nóng)產(chǎn)品由于其特殊性,在加工、運(yùn)輸、配送等物流環(huán)節(jié)極易出現(xiàn)腐爛、變質(zhì)甚至是損毀的情況。同時(shí),隨著人們對肉禽蛋奶水果等生鮮產(chǎn)品的品質(zhì)需求不斷增高,生產(chǎn)規(guī)模也在迅速擴(kuò)大,使得市場對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品倉儲保鮮冷鏈物流的需求越來越大。
 
  今年以來,受疫情的影響,部分農(nóng)產(chǎn)品銷路受阻,囤積的產(chǎn)品由于缺乏存儲冷庫而腐爛,給農(nóng)民帶來了損失,同時(shí)也把農(nóng)產(chǎn)品倉儲保鮮冷鏈物流建設(shè)的需求擺上了更迫切的位置。
 

  冷鏈物流發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀是怎樣的?
 
  由于我國物流行業(yè)起步較晚,當(dāng)前冷鏈物流基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)總體水平還不高,發(fā)展短板亟待補(bǔ)齊。如基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)性不平衡,冷鏈物流成本居高不下等,尤其是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品冷鏈物流發(fā)展滯后,“賣不了、運(yùn)不出、儲不行、成本高、虧損大”現(xiàn)象仍然存在,這嚴(yán)重影響行業(yè)的高效發(fā)展。
 
  國家有哪些支持政策?
 
  早在2010年,為了促進(jìn)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品冷鏈物流的發(fā)展,國家發(fā)展改革委出臺了《農(nóng)產(chǎn)品冷鏈物流發(fā)展規(guī)劃》,明確完善了冷鏈物流標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系、加強(qiáng)冷鏈物流基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)等七項(xiàng)主要任務(wù)。此后,各種扶持政策也相繼出臺。2017年國務(wù)院就出臺了《關(guān)于加快發(fā)展冷鏈物流保障食品安全促進(jìn)消費(fèi)升級的意見》;2019年年初,國家發(fā)改委、商務(wù)部等24個(gè)有關(guān)部門聯(lián)合發(fā)布的《關(guān)于推動物流高質(zhì)量發(fā)展 促進(jìn)形成強(qiáng)大國內(nèi)市場的意見》中,也涉及多項(xiàng)冷鏈物流發(fā)展意見;2019年,中共中央召開會議,*寫入城鄉(xiāng)冷鏈物流設(shè)施建設(shè)。
 
  而今年的中央1號文件明確提出要啟動農(nóng)產(chǎn)品倉儲保鮮冷鏈物流設(shè)施建設(shè)工程:以特色農(nóng)產(chǎn)品優(yōu)勢區(qū)、鮮活農(nóng)產(chǎn)品主產(chǎn)區(qū)為重點(diǎn),通過以獎代補(bǔ)、貸款貼息、落實(shí)優(yōu)惠電價(jià)等措施,支持農(nóng)民合作社、家庭農(nóng)場建設(shè)一批田頭倉儲保鮮、分揀包裝、產(chǎn)后初加工等設(shè)施,提升農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)地商品化處理能力。結(jié)合“菜籃子”工程,支持在大中城市建設(shè)一批農(nóng)產(chǎn)品骨干冷鏈物流基地,打造區(qū)域農(nóng)產(chǎn)品冷鏈物流樞紐,提升肉奶、蔬菜水果等鮮活農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)能力。
 
  此外,在農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部前不久發(fā)布的《2020年鄉(xiāng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)工作要點(diǎn)》中也提到了大力發(fā)展倉儲物流:創(chuàng)新發(fā)展綠色循環(huán)優(yōu)質(zhì)高效特色農(nóng)業(yè),建設(shè)綠色化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、規(guī)?;?、產(chǎn)業(yè)化特色農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)基地,完善倉儲加工物流等全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條,加強(qiáng)質(zhì)量管控和品牌宣傳,提升優(yōu)勢特色產(chǎn)業(yè)的質(zhì)量效益水平;支持返鄉(xiāng)下鄉(xiāng)在鄉(xiāng)人員發(fā)展新產(chǎn)業(yè),培育“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)”“生鮮電商+冷鏈宅配”“中央廚房+食材冷鏈配送”等新業(yè)態(tài),探索智能生產(chǎn)、平臺經(jīng)濟(jì)和資源共享等新模式。
 
  建設(shè)工程當(dāng)前實(shí)施情況是怎樣的?
 
  在4月19日國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制就抓好春季農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品保供工作情況發(fā)布會上,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部市場與信息化司一級巡視員陳萍在談到農(nóng)產(chǎn)品倉儲保鮮冷鏈物流設(shè)施建設(shè)工程當(dāng)前進(jìn)展時(shí)表示,今年農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部將以鮮活農(nóng)產(chǎn)品主產(chǎn)區(qū)、特色農(nóng)產(chǎn)品優(yōu)勢區(qū)和貧困地區(qū)為重點(diǎn),啟動農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)地倉儲保鮮冷鏈設(shè)施建設(shè)工作。在實(shí)施區(qū)域上,重點(diǎn)支持湖北等16個(gè)省(區(qū)、市),選擇產(chǎn)業(yè)重點(diǎn)縣來實(shí)施;在實(shí)施主體上,主要實(shí)施縣級以上示范家庭農(nóng)場和農(nóng)村合作社的示范社;在實(shí)施方式上,按照先建后補(bǔ)、以獎代補(bǔ)的方式;在實(shí)施重點(diǎn)上,主要是圍繞水果、蔬菜等鮮活農(nóng)產(chǎn)品,建設(shè)節(jié)能型的通風(fēng)貯藏庫、機(jī)械冷庫、氣調(diào)貯藏庫以及配套的設(shè)施設(shè)備。重點(diǎn)結(jié)合田頭市場的建設(shè),建立產(chǎn)地市場信息的采集機(jī)制。現(xiàn)在各地也正在抓緊制定區(qū)域?qū)嵤┓桨?,組織開展相關(guān)的工作。
 
  結(jié)語:支持倉儲保鮮冷鏈物流設(shè)施建設(shè)是現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)重大牽引工程,也是促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)消費(fèi)“雙升級”的重要內(nèi)容,是順應(yīng)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展新趨勢,適應(yīng)居民消費(fèi)新需求,促進(jìn)小農(nóng)戶與現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)有機(jī)銜接的重大舉措,對于穩(wěn)步脫貧攻堅(jiān)的成效、加快鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施都具有重要意義。
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