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建立健全農(nóng)用薄膜管理制度 構(gòu)建全鏈條監(jiān)管體系

—————農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部科技教育司有關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人就《農(nóng)用薄膜管理辦法》答記者問
2020-07-17 08:50:14 來源:農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部新聞辦公室 閱讀量:21503 評論

導(dǎo)讀:我國農(nóng)用薄膜覆蓋面積大、應(yīng)用范圍廣,在增加農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量、提高品質(zhì)、豐富農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給等方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。但部分地區(qū)農(nóng)用薄膜殘留污染嚴(yán)重,成為制約農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展的突出環(huán)境問題。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】 近日,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部、工業(yè)和信息化部、生態(tài)環(huán)境部、市場監(jiān)管總局聯(lián)合印發(fā)了《農(nóng)用薄膜管理辦法》(以下簡稱《辦法》)。為全面深入了解《辦法》出臺背景、主要內(nèi)容及特點,記者采訪了農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部科技教育司有關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人。
 
  問:請您介紹下《辦法》出臺的背景?
 
  答:農(nóng)用薄膜是重要的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)資料。我國農(nóng)用薄膜覆蓋面積大、應(yīng)用范圍廣,在增加農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量、提高品質(zhì)、豐富農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給等方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。但部分地區(qū)農(nóng)用薄膜殘留污染嚴(yán)重,成為制約農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展的突出環(huán)境問題。
 
  黨中央、國務(wù)院高度重視農(nóng)用薄膜污染治理工作,對建立健全農(nóng)用薄膜管理制度提出了明確要求。2019年1月1日起施行的《中華人民共和國土壤污染防治法》第三十條明確規(guī)定,農(nóng)業(yè)投入品生產(chǎn)者、銷售者和使用者應(yīng)當(dāng)及時回收農(nóng)用薄膜,具體辦法由國務(wù)院農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村主管部門會同國務(wù)院生態(tài)環(huán)境等主管部門制定。根據(jù)中央決策部署和《土壤污染防治法》的要求,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部會同工業(yè)和信息化部、生態(tài)環(huán)境部和市場監(jiān)管總局依據(jù)現(xiàn)行法律法規(guī),結(jié)合實際情況,研究制定了《辦法》。
 
  問:《辦法》在農(nóng)用薄膜全程監(jiān)管上有什么考慮?
 
  答:《辦法》突出的特點就是遵循全鏈條監(jiān)督管理的思路,構(gòu)建了覆蓋農(nóng)用薄膜生產(chǎn)、銷售、使用、回收等環(huán)節(jié)的監(jiān)管體系?!掇k法》規(guī)定,地方各級人民政府依法對本行政區(qū)域農(nóng)用薄膜污染防治負(fù)責(zé),組織、協(xié)調(diào)、督促有關(guān)部門依法履行農(nóng)用薄膜污染防治監(jiān)督管理職責(zé)。縣級以上人民政府農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村主管部門負(fù)責(zé)農(nóng)用薄膜使用、回收監(jiān)督管理工作,為農(nóng)用薄膜使用者提供技術(shù)指導(dǎo)和服務(wù),指導(dǎo)農(nóng)用薄膜回收利用體系建設(shè),建立農(nóng)用薄膜殘留監(jiān)測制度;縣級以上人民政府工業(yè)和信息化主管部門負(fù)責(zé)農(nóng)用薄膜生產(chǎn)指導(dǎo)工作,督促生產(chǎn)者依法依規(guī)執(zhí)行好相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn);縣級以上人民政府市場監(jiān)管部門負(fù)責(zé)農(nóng)用薄膜產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量監(jiān)督管理工作,建立農(nóng)用薄膜市場監(jiān)管制度,定期開展農(nóng)用薄膜質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢查;縣級以上生態(tài)環(huán)境部門負(fù)責(zé)農(nóng)用薄膜回收、再利用過程環(huán)境污染防治的監(jiān)督管理工作。
 
  問:《辦法》對農(nóng)用薄膜生產(chǎn)、銷售、使用環(huán)節(jié)都提出了哪些具體要求?
 
  答:為了便于農(nóng)用薄膜產(chǎn)品追溯和市場監(jiān)管,《辦法》對生產(chǎn)者、銷售者、使用者在相關(guān)環(huán)節(jié)的行為作出了明確規(guī)定。一是生產(chǎn)者應(yīng)當(dāng)執(zhí)行農(nóng)用薄膜相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在產(chǎn)品上添加企業(yè)標(biāo)識,標(biāo)明推薦使用時間,建立出廠銷售記錄制度。二是銷售者應(yīng)當(dāng)依法查驗農(nóng)用薄膜產(chǎn)品的包裝、標(biāo)簽、質(zhì)量檢驗合格證,不得采購和銷售未達(dá)到強制性國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的農(nóng)用薄膜,不得將非農(nóng)用薄膜銷售給農(nóng)用薄膜使用者,依法建立銷售臺賬。三是使用者應(yīng)當(dāng)按照產(chǎn)品標(biāo)簽標(biāo)注的期限使用農(nóng)用薄膜,生產(chǎn)企業(yè)、專業(yè)合作社等使用者應(yīng)當(dāng)依法建立農(nóng)用薄膜使用記錄。
 
  問:《辦法》對回收責(zé)任如何確定,對回收利用又有哪些激勵措施?
 
  答:為落實不同主體的回收責(zé)任,《辦法》規(guī)定:使用者應(yīng)當(dāng)在使用期限到期前撿拾田間的非全生物降解農(nóng)用薄膜廢棄物,交至回收網(wǎng)點或回收工作者,不得隨意棄置、掩埋或者焚燒;生產(chǎn)者、銷售者、回收網(wǎng)點、廢舊農(nóng)用薄膜回收再利用企業(yè)或其他組織等應(yīng)當(dāng)開展合作,采取多種方式,建立健全農(nóng)用薄膜回收利用體系,推動廢舊農(nóng)用薄膜回收、處理和再利用。
 
  為激勵各方參與農(nóng)用薄膜回收,完善回收利用的措施,《辦法》提出,一是鼓勵研發(fā)、推廣農(nóng)用薄膜回收技術(shù)與機械,因地制宜、多措并舉開展廢舊農(nóng)膜回收再利用;二是鼓勵和支持生產(chǎn)、使用全生物降解農(nóng)用薄膜;三是支持廢舊農(nóng)用薄膜再利用企業(yè)按照規(guī)定,享受用地、用電、用水、信貸、稅收等優(yōu)惠政策,扶持從事廢舊農(nóng)用薄膜再利用的社會化服務(wù)組織和企業(yè)。
 
  問:《辦法》將于2020年9月1日起開始施行,如何貫徹和執(zhí)行?
 
  答:為推動《辦法》有效落實落地,將著重抓好以下工作。
 
  一是加大宣貫力度。對《辦法》進行多方位、多角度地宣傳,主動答疑解惑,回應(yīng)社會關(guān)切,營造良好氛圍。進一步增強農(nóng)用薄膜生產(chǎn)者、銷售者、使用者自覺履行社會責(zé)任的積極性和主動性,切實落實各方回收責(zé)任。二是創(chuàng)設(shè)農(nóng)膜區(qū)域綠色補償制度。今年,我們在內(nèi)蒙古、甘肅、新疆三個省(區(qū))選擇6個縣開展試點工作,著力探索耕地地力補貼與農(nóng)膜回收的掛鉤機制,充分調(diào)動農(nóng)民撿拾回收農(nóng)用薄膜的主動性和積極性。下一步,我們將在充分總結(jié)試點工作經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上,加大示范推廣力度,推動構(gòu)建農(nóng)用薄膜回收的長效機制。三是實施好農(nóng)膜回收行動。進一步深入推動農(nóng)膜回收重點縣建設(shè),大力推進標(biāo)準(zhǔn)地膜使用,推動相關(guān)主體落實農(nóng)用薄膜回收責(zé)任,參與回收利用體系建設(shè),不斷提高回收利用水平。
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