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山西省應(yīng)縣畜牧業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展需求情況調(diào)研報告

2020-12-08 09:09:08 來源:應(yīng)縣農(nóng)機(jī)中心 作者:趙海文 閱讀量:19419 評論

導(dǎo)讀:2020年,全縣奶牛飼養(yǎng)量 6.6 萬頭,肉牛飼養(yǎng)量 2.3 萬頭,肉羊飼養(yǎng)量 130 萬只,生豬飼養(yǎng)量 22 萬頭,蛋雞飼養(yǎng)量 55 萬只。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】 應(yīng)縣是山西省雁門關(guān)農(nóng)牧交錯帶示范區(qū)建設(shè)縣之一,地處山西省北部的大同盆地南端,地勢南高北低,高海拔 2 335 m,低海拔 983 m,境內(nèi)有翠微山、龍首山、黃花梁 3 個山脈和桑干河、渾河、黃水河、木瓜河、蝦河 5 條河流。全縣現(xiàn)轄 3 鎮(zhèn) 9 鄉(xiāng)、298 個行政村,國土總面積 1 708 平米公里,其中,耕地面積 96 萬畝。屬高寒冷涼區(qū),四季分明。年平均氣溫在 8.0℃ 之間,無霜期為 137 天,年平均降雨 360 mm。素有塞外糧倉之稱,也是一個傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)牧并舉的地區(qū),奶牛、肉羊養(yǎng)殖業(yè)歷史悠久,農(nóng)民養(yǎng)殖經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富。
 
  近日,通過深入養(yǎng)殖場(戶),開展畜牧業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展和需求調(diào)研,現(xiàn)將調(diào)研情況報告如下:
 
  一、應(yīng)縣畜牧養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展基本情況
 
  1.畜牧業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)總量情況
 
  2020年,全縣奶牛飼養(yǎng)量 6.6 萬頭,肉牛飼養(yǎng)量 2.3 萬頭,肉羊飼養(yǎng)量 130 萬只,生豬飼養(yǎng)量 22 萬頭,蛋雞飼養(yǎng)量 55 萬只。
 
  2.規(guī)?;B(yǎng)殖場情況
 
  堅持把提高畜牧業(yè)的規(guī)模化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化水平作為發(fā)展現(xiàn)代畜牧業(yè)的關(guān)鍵,持久深入地實(shí)施了規(guī)模健康養(yǎng)殖工程,建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化養(yǎng)殖園區(qū),目前全縣累計建成 213 個,其中奶牛小區(qū) 34 個、肉羊小區(qū) 98 個、豬小區(qū) 36 個、雞小區(qū) 18 個、肉牛小區(qū) 27 個,90% 的成母牛、70% 的肉羊?qū)崿F(xiàn)了規(guī)?;瘶?biāo)準(zhǔn)化養(yǎng)殖,300 頭以上的奶牛園區(qū)普遍采取了自由臥床、TMR日糧、智能擠奶等先進(jìn)方式飼養(yǎng)。特別是恒天然(應(yīng)縣)牧場的引進(jìn),使我縣養(yǎng)殖業(yè)與世界接軌,帶動了奶牛養(yǎng)殖業(yè)向現(xiàn)代化技術(shù)發(fā)展起到了推廣作用。
 
  3.飼草料生產(chǎn)情況
 
  2019年,全縣飼草種植面積達(dá)到了 9.8 萬畝,其中,青貯玉米 8.8 萬畝(畝均產(chǎn)量 3.5 噸);苜蓿 1 萬畝(主要分為 2 種:一種是干草苜蓿,畝均產(chǎn)量 0.8 噸;另一種是裹包青貯苜蓿,畝均產(chǎn)量 1.5 噸)。2020年,全株青貯玉米種植在 10.5 萬畝,與此同時,開發(fā)本地飼草資源,大力發(fā)展“養(yǎng)殖企業(yè)+種植大戶”、“養(yǎng)殖企業(yè)+種植合作社”和“養(yǎng)殖企業(yè)+自有種植基地”等多種種養(yǎng)結(jié)合模式, 擴(kuò)大了全株青貯玉米種植,提高秸稈飼料化利用水平,牛羊營養(yǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)由“谷物”為主向“優(yōu)質(zhì)牧草”為主轉(zhuǎn)變,糧經(jīng)飼比例逐步調(diào)優(yōu),鮮奶產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量實(shí)現(xiàn)了質(zhì)的飛躍;促進(jìn)了農(nóng)牧一體化,畜牧業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,創(chuàng)造良好的社會、生態(tài)、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
 
  目前,全縣苜蓿種植企業(yè) 3 家,2020年全株玉米(苜蓿、燕麥)收貯主體已發(fā)展到 58 家,收貯 28.77萬噸,干燕麥 1 893.55 畝。
 
  二、應(yīng)縣畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化推廣應(yīng)用情況及潛力分析
 
  1.畜牧業(yè)機(jī)械化應(yīng)用發(fā)展情況。
 
  近年來,縣委縣政府在積極推廣種植業(yè)生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化的同時,推進(jìn)牧草種植、畜禽養(yǎng)殖機(jī)械化建設(shè)。農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化由原來的農(nóng)業(yè)種植機(jī)化領(lǐng)域逐步拓寬到牧草生產(chǎn)、畜牧養(yǎng)殖領(lǐng)域。目前,應(yīng)縣牛羊豬養(yǎng)殖場的飼料取選、配制、攪拌、投送、回推以及奶蛋收集、洗消環(huán)控、糞污清理等環(huán)節(jié)的作業(yè)基本實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械化。養(yǎng)殖領(lǐng)域的TMR全價日糧混合飼料機(jī)械、牧場智能管理系統(tǒng)電子計量自動脫落杯擠奶設(shè)備、全自動撿蛋設(shè)備、吸糞車、糞污干濕分離機(jī)等機(jī)械在畜禽養(yǎng)殖中得到了推廣應(yīng)用。
 
  2.農(nóng)機(jī)化新技術(shù)示范推廣成效。
 
  應(yīng)縣畜牧獸醫(yī)服務(wù)中心在省市縣上級部門的大力支持下,利用中央現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)發(fā)展資金和省級雁門關(guān)農(nóng)牧交錯帶建設(shè)資金,積極推廣TMR全價日糧混合飼料機(jī)械及牧草收獲機(jī)械的新技術(shù)。引進(jìn)畜禽糞污干濕分離設(shè)備,開展畜禽養(yǎng)殖糞污原料化技術(shù)推廣。積極探索農(nóng)作物秸稈飼草化、糞污處理原料化肥料化的機(jī)械化技術(shù)模式。在項(xiàng)目示范輻射帶動下,扶持 123 個項(xiàng)目實(shí)施單體配套糞污處理設(shè)施設(shè)備,重點(diǎn)建設(shè)山西國新生物質(zhì)能源開發(fā)有限公司糞污集中處理中心 1 個、散養(yǎng)戶糞污集中收集點(diǎn) 2 個,規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場 106 個配套糞污處理設(shè)施,“三河流域”和邊坡峪口的 13 個養(yǎng)殖場(戶)的糞污處理設(shè)施建設(shè)任務(wù)。共建設(shè)堆糞棚 2.5 萬平方米,污水儲存池 3.3 萬立方米,雨污分離槽 1.8 萬米,購置糞污處理設(shè)備26臺套。
 
  3.專業(yè)技術(shù)人員培訓(xùn)情況。
 
  每年積極響應(yīng)省市關(guān)于農(nóng)作物秸稈綜合利用、牧草種植、畜禽養(yǎng)殖及相關(guān)機(jī)械化技術(shù)等技術(shù)培訓(xùn)和學(xué)習(xí)的通知,認(rèn)真組織縣級技術(shù)推廣人員,積極參加省市舉辦的農(nóng)作物秸稈飼料化原料化技術(shù)培訓(xùn),參觀省級玉米青貯和苜蓿生產(chǎn)大型現(xiàn)場會上技術(shù)作業(yè)演示,不斷提高應(yīng)縣畜牧部門技術(shù)人的技術(shù)水平和業(yè)務(wù)能力。
 
  4.畜牧機(jī)械化發(fā)展?jié)摿Ψ治?br /> 
  應(yīng)縣地處雁門關(guān)農(nóng)牧交錯帶有利位置,牛羊豬雞養(yǎng)殖和牧草種植已具規(guī)模,并形成產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈,向產(chǎn)業(yè)化方向發(fā)展。現(xiàn)還需配套TMR全價日糧混合飼料機(jī)械12套、牧場智能管理系統(tǒng)電子計量自動脫落杯擠奶設(shè)備 12 套、全自動撿蛋設(shè)備5套、吸糞車 63 臺套、糞污干濕分離機(jī) 54 臺、牧草收獲(割草機(jī)、摟草機(jī)、撿拾機(jī)、運(yùn)輸車、裹包機(jī)、夾抱機(jī)) 4 臺套等機(jī)械。
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