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“十四五”全國農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村科技發(fā)展規(guī)劃：提升農(nóng)機(jī)裝備智能化水平

2022-01-25 14:11:31 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：23375 評論

導(dǎo)讀：開展水稻機(jī)械化栽植、再生稻少碾壓收獲、稻麥 /麥玉輪作精量機(jī)播、玉米籽粒 /鮮食玉米機(jī)收、大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植專用機(jī)械、馬鈴薯精量播種、大豆油菜花生甘蔗精密種植與高效收獲、棉花機(jī)采、秸稈高效利用、農(nóng)膜回收、畜禽糞肥施用等技術(shù)裝備攻關(guān),研發(fā)丘陵山區(qū)通用動(dòng)力底盤、輕簡型農(nóng)機(jī)裝備和高適應(yīng)性專用機(jī)械。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化，關(guān)鍵是農(nóng)業(yè)科技現(xiàn)代化。當(dāng)前，三農(nóng)工作歷史性轉(zhuǎn)向全面推進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村振興，對農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村科技提出了更加緊迫的需求?！楦弥笇?dǎo)“十四五”農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村科技事業(yè)發(fā)展，充分發(fā)揮科技對全面推進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村振興、加快農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化的支撐引領(lǐng)作用，近日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部印發(fā)了《“十四五”全國農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村科技發(fā)展規(guī)劃》(以下簡稱《規(guī)劃》)。
 
　　《規(guī)劃》圍繞三農(nóng)領(lǐng)域中心工作，明確了突破關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域重大科技問題、優(yōu)化農(nóng)業(yè)科技發(fā)展布局、重塑中國特色農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村科技創(chuàng)新體系、推進(jìn)體制機(jī)制改革創(chuàng)新等重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容?！兑?guī)劃》提出，到2025年，農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域原始創(chuàng)新能力大幅提升，產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力顯著增強(qiáng)，科技創(chuàng)新體系基本完善，科技推廣服務(wù)更加高效，高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民隊(duì)伍更加壯大，農(nóng)業(yè)科技整體實(shí)力穩(wěn)居世界第一方陣。農(nóng)業(yè)科技進(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率達(dá)到64%，主要農(nóng)作物良種覆蓋率達(dá)到96%，農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率達(dá)到75%，畜禽養(yǎng)殖機(jī)械化率和水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖機(jī)械化率達(dá)到50%，三大糧食作物化肥利用率和農(nóng)藥利用率達(dá)到43%，畜禽糞污綜合利用率達(dá)到80%，農(nóng)作物秸稈綜合利用率穩(wěn)定在86%以上，農(nóng)膜回收率達(dá)到85%，主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工轉(zhuǎn)化率達(dá)到80%。到2035年，一批世界農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)技術(shù)中心基本形成，以高端化智能化綠色化為標(biāo)志的農(nóng)業(yè)科技現(xiàn)代化基本實(shí)現(xiàn)，基本建成農(nóng)業(yè)科技強(qiáng)國。
 
　　在農(nóng)機(jī)裝備上，《規(guī)劃》提出，創(chuàng)制薄弱環(huán)節(jié)農(nóng)機(jī)裝備，提升裝備智能化水平。開展水稻機(jī)械化栽植、再生稻少碾壓收獲、稻麥 /麥玉輪作精量機(jī)播、玉米籽粒 /鮮食玉米機(jī)收、大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植專用機(jī)械、馬鈴薯精量播種、大豆油菜花生甘蔗精密種植與高效收獲、棉花機(jī)采、秸稈高效利用、農(nóng)膜回收、畜禽糞肥施用等技術(shù)裝備攻關(guān),研發(fā)丘陵山區(qū)通用動(dòng)力底盤、輕簡型農(nóng)機(jī)裝備和高適應(yīng)性專用機(jī)械。開展天然橡膠、果菜茶、中藥材、雜糧雜豆、優(yōu)質(zhì)飼草等全程機(jī)械化技術(shù)裝備研究,重點(diǎn)研制割膠、果樹 /茶樹整形修剪、果實(shí)套袋、采收集運(yùn)、特色作物收獲等作業(yè)裝備。開展中小規(guī)模畜禽綠色健康養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)研究,研發(fā)應(yīng)用精準(zhǔn)飼喂、智能環(huán)控、動(dòng)物行為監(jiān)測、苗種計(jì)數(shù)、疫苗注射、清潔消毒、分級(jí)起捕、貝藻類生產(chǎn)、養(yǎng)殖循環(huán)凈化等畜禽水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)與裝備。開發(fā)智能農(nóng)機(jī)裝備專用傳感器,研究農(nóng)機(jī)信息獲取、智慧決策、精準(zhǔn)作業(yè)、農(nóng)機(jī)導(dǎo)航、高效調(diào)度、智能診斷、溯源分析和協(xié)同作業(yè)等技術(shù),推動(dòng)智能控制、衛(wèi)星定位、農(nóng)業(yè)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)、農(nóng)機(jī)自動(dòng)駕駛、農(nóng)業(yè)傳感等技術(shù)與農(nóng)機(jī)裝備融合應(yīng)用。研究與農(nóng)藝相適應(yīng)的精準(zhǔn)種植移栽、施肥施藥、嫁接整枝、喂養(yǎng)管理、收獲干燥等農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人和智能作業(yè)裝備。研發(fā)智能新型農(nóng)機(jī)檢測鑒定技術(shù)及管控裝備。
 
　　本文由農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)(m.tmpdc.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部。

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