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在擴(kuò)大大豆油料生產(chǎn)方面,中央一號(hào)文件有這些舉措!

2022-02-24 08:41:39 來源:農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:25053 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀:眾所周知,我國(guó)大豆進(jìn)口量較大。近些年雖逐年有所下降,但進(jìn)口量仍處于高位。今年中央和地方紛紛采取多種措施擴(kuò)大大豆和油料種植面積。今年的中央一號(hào)文件中也涉及到了大豆油料生產(chǎn)。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】 2月23日,國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室舉行新聞發(fā)布會(huì),介紹2022年全面推進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村振興重點(diǎn)工作,并答記者問。中央農(nóng)村工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組辦公室主任、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部部長(zhǎng)唐仁健,中央農(nóng)村工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組辦公室副主任、國(guó)家鄉(xiāng)村振興局局長(zhǎng)劉煥鑫,中央農(nóng)村工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組辦公室專職副主任、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部黨組成員吳宏耀等出席發(fā)布會(huì)。
 
  眾所周知,我國(guó)大豆進(jìn)口量較大。近些年雖逐年有所下降,但進(jìn)口量仍處于高位。今年中央和地方紛紛采取多種措施擴(kuò)大大豆和油料種植面積。今年的中央一號(hào)文件中也涉及到了大豆油料生產(chǎn)。
 
  在發(fā)布會(huì)上,中央農(nóng)村工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組辦公室主任、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部部長(zhǎng)唐仁健表示,目前我們糧食的總量雖然是緊平衡,但是在保供給尤其保口糧方面問題不大。有一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)問題,就是大豆油料自給率比較低。這些年隨著生活水平的提高,當(dāng)然還有畜牧業(yè)的發(fā)展,對(duì)大豆的需求大幅增加,進(jìn)口量增長(zhǎng)較快。剛才記者提到,前年進(jìn)口1億噸,去年9000多萬噸。目前,國(guó)產(chǎn)的大豆可以滿足食用消費(fèi)需求,就是中國(guó)人吃豆腐、豆制品,這方面沒有問題。進(jìn)口的大豆主要是用于食用植物油和畜牧業(yè)飼料蛋白這方面的需求。下一步,我們既要用好國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)際兩個(gè)市場(chǎng)、兩種資源,增加大豆油料的供應(yīng),但另一方面更重要的是立足自身,下大力氣調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)問題,下大決心擴(kuò)大大豆和油料的生產(chǎn),能夠多種一畝是一畝,多收一斤是一斤。“油瓶子”里盡可能多裝中國(guó)油,重點(diǎn)從三個(gè)方面著力。
 
  一是積極恢復(fù)東北地區(qū)的大豆面積。大家知道,東北是我們傳統(tǒng)大豆主產(chǎn)區(qū),大豆重頭在東北,我們將完善玉米大豆生產(chǎn)者補(bǔ)貼政策,支持東北地區(qū)積極推行大豆玉米合理輪作,引導(dǎo)農(nóng)民今年春播時(shí)把茬口倒回來種大豆。同時(shí),東北還有一些地區(qū)也可以進(jìn)行“水改旱”,多種豆,主要是地下水超采區(qū),東北前些年水稻發(fā)展比較多,但是有的地區(qū)水稻也不太適宜,所以把這樣的一些地區(qū)倒回來,多種大豆。
 
  二是積極推廣大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植。帶狀復(fù)合種植不是一行玉米一行豆,現(xiàn)在試點(diǎn)試驗(yàn)的多數(shù)是兩行玉米四行豆,所以叫帶狀復(fù)合種植,能夠不遮蔽光線、滿足兩種作物的需要。這個(gè)事已經(jīng)試點(diǎn)了多年,尤其在西南地區(qū),像四川等地,目前全國(guó)的種植面積已經(jīng)到了700多萬畝,這種種植模式和種植技術(shù)目前看已經(jīng)基本成熟。帶狀復(fù)合種植的最大好處就是能夠解決大豆玉米爭(zhēng)地的問題,原來種了大豆就種不了玉米,種了玉米就種不了大豆,但是在大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植條件下,就能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)玉米基本不減產(chǎn)、能穩(wěn)產(chǎn),同時(shí)又多收一季大豆,大概在100-150公斤,農(nóng)民講是玉米也能撿大豆還白落。我們今年將加大推廣力度,大力在黃淮海地區(qū)、西南地區(qū)、西北地區(qū)等適宜地區(qū)開展大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植。但是因?yàn)檫@件事以前是試點(diǎn),很多地方還不太熟悉,所以我們?cè)谄贩N、農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝配套方面要跟上,強(qiáng)化這方面的服務(wù)。為此,中央財(cái)政專門安排了補(bǔ)貼資金予以支持,對(duì)承擔(dān)任務(wù)的那些規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)的主體,還從社會(huì)化服務(wù)資金中再補(bǔ)一部分,能夠引導(dǎo)這些規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)主體和農(nóng)戶愿意推廣大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植這種模式。另外,在一些地區(qū)把帶狀復(fù)合種植也爭(zhēng)取納入農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的保障范圍。
 
  三是積極發(fā)展油料生產(chǎn)。除了大豆,還有很多專門的油料,像大家熟悉的長(zhǎng)江流域的油菜,還有北方、西北、華北地區(qū)的花生,還有以南方山地為主的油茶等木本油料,這些都要大力發(fā)展。油菜方面,主要是南方的冬閑田有較大的潛力,去年我們已經(jīng)擴(kuò)了500多萬畝,今年還要繼續(xù)鞏固擴(kuò)大。在花生方面,重點(diǎn)是黃淮海和北方農(nóng)牧交錯(cuò)帶,就是400毫米降雨線這一帶,推廣玉米花生的輪作,穩(wěn)定并擴(kuò)大花生的面積。在油茶方面,重點(diǎn)是擴(kuò)大油茶的種植面積,現(xiàn)在還有相當(dāng)?shù)臐摿?,同時(shí)現(xiàn)有的油茶產(chǎn)量很低,需要改造中低產(chǎn)尤其低產(chǎn)林。此外還有一些像向日葵、胡麻、芝麻等特色油料,我們也要因地制宜地發(fā)展。
 
  總之,通過多油并舉、多措并施,經(jīng)過5-10年的努力,爭(zhēng)取大豆和油料的自給率能夠有一個(gè)較大的提高。
 
  本文由農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)(m.tmpdc.cn)整理發(fā)布,資料來源:農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部網(wǎng)站。
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