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黃淮海地區(qū)大豆“癥青”防控技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見

2022-05-27 08:40:11 來(lái)源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部種植業(yè)管理司 閱讀量：18088 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：大豆“癥青”是以生物因素為主引起的一種成熟期莖葉持綠、不結(jié)實(shí)或少結(jié)實(shí)的植株生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育異?，F(xiàn)象。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 政策與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】 大豆“癥青”是以生物因素為主引起的一種成熟期莖葉持綠、不結(jié)實(shí)或少結(jié)實(shí)的植株生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育異常現(xiàn)象。近年來(lái)在黃淮海地區(qū)“癥青”問題較為突出，部分地區(qū)減產(chǎn)嚴(yán)重，致使生產(chǎn)者種植意愿下降，成為恢復(fù)和發(fā)展大豆生產(chǎn)的一大障礙。為有效控制“癥青”危害，保障大豆油料產(chǎn)能提升工程順利實(shí)施，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部種植業(yè)管理司會(huì)同全國(guó)農(nóng)技中心、大豆病蟲害防控重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室、國(guó)家大豆產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系，組織專家專題研討，基于現(xiàn)有科研結(jié)果，制定本指導(dǎo)意見。
 
　　一、防控策略
 
　　以大豆整個(gè)栽培過程為主線，在合理選用品種、種子處理、推行健身栽培等基礎(chǔ)上，加強(qiáng)大豆蚜、煙粉虱等傳毒昆蟲介體和點(diǎn)蜂緣蝽等直接致害昆蟲的種群動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)，抓住大豆開花結(jié)莢關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，實(shí)施統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治，提高“治蟲防病”效果和效率，降低大豆“癥青”發(fā)生幾率，減輕危害損失，保障生產(chǎn)安全。
 
　　二、防控重點(diǎn)
 
　　重點(diǎn)防控點(diǎn)蜂緣蝽、大豆蚜蟲、煙粉虱、小綠葉蟬、灰飛虱等刺吸類害蟲，及其可能傳播的大豆病毒病。
 
　　三、防控技術(shù)
 
　　（一）播種期。選擇適合當(dāng)?shù)胤N植、較為抗病(以往田間“癥青”發(fā)生相對(duì)較輕)的品種，推行合理密植和健身栽培。選用精甲·咯菌腈、丁硫·福美雙、噻蟲·福·萎銹等藥劑進(jìn)行種子包衣或拌種處理，預(yù)防大豆根腐病、地下害蟲、蚜蟲、粉虱等苗期病蟲害，保障苗全苗勻苗壯。
 
　　（二）苗期—分枝期。重點(diǎn)防控蚜蟲、煙粉虱、葉蟬、灰飛虱等傳毒蟲媒，嚴(yán)防大豆病毒病發(fā)生流行。采用黃板誘集、掃網(wǎng)調(diào)查等方法，系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測(cè)傳毒蟲媒發(fā)生量和發(fā)生期。當(dāng)田間出現(xiàn)病毒株且傳毒蟲媒數(shù)量較大時(shí)，應(yīng)及時(shí)采取化學(xué)防治措施“治蟲防病”、切斷傳播鏈，控制病毒病重發(fā)流行。防治藥劑可選用高氯·吡蟲啉、噻蟲·高氯氟等高效低毒品種。
 
　　同時(shí)，從大豆分枝期開始，在大豆田及其周邊布設(shè)信息素誘集設(shè)備，系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)蜂緣蝽種群數(shù)量，掌握其向大豆田遷移高峰期和數(shù)量，預(yù)判大豆田發(fā)生程度和最佳防控時(shí)期。
 
　　（三）開花—成熟期。點(diǎn)蜂緣蝽等刺吸鼓粒期豆莢，致使籽粒敗育或發(fā)育不良形成癟莢，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致植株源—庫(kù)關(guān)系失衡，是大豆“癥青”的關(guān)鍵成因之一。因此，應(yīng)重點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)大豆花莢期蟲情監(jiān)測(cè)和防控。
 
　　從監(jiān)測(cè)到成蟲遷移或大豆始花期開始，定期開展大豆田間點(diǎn)蜂緣蝽種群數(shù)量和發(fā)育進(jìn)度監(jiān)測(cè)。當(dāng)成蟲密度達(dá)到百株3-5頭，或卵塊、若蟲數(shù)量較高時(shí)，及時(shí)開展藥劑防治。重點(diǎn)發(fā)生區(qū)應(yīng)組織聯(lián)防聯(lián)治、統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治。鑒于大豆點(diǎn)蜂緣蝽防治還沒有正式登記的農(nóng)藥品種，可因地制宜選用在大豆田已獲登記的高效氯氟氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、高氯·吡蟲啉、噻蟲·高氯氟等，在防治點(diǎn)蜂緣蝽等刺吸式害蟲的同時(shí)，兼治大豆食心蟲、豆莢螟等蛀莢類害蟲。
 
　　注意事項(xiàng)：采用無(wú)人機(jī)施藥時(shí)要注意添加增效劑、沉降劑，保證每畝1.5—2升的藥液量。噴施殺蟲劑時(shí)，要嚴(yán)格按產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明書推薦使用劑量，并進(jìn)行安全操作。

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