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保障“菜籃子”產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)：提升設(shè)施農(nóng)機(jī)化水平需求迫切

2022-04-19 10:33:03 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：34479 評論

導(dǎo)讀：由于以蔬菜為代表的設(shè)施種植特殊性、復(fù)雜性等原因，導(dǎo)致當(dāng)前或今后一個較長時期內(nèi)，仍會普遍存在“ 無機(jī)可用、無好機(jī)用、有機(jī)難用”即所謂“三機(jī)并存”的現(xiàn)象。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 市場行情】我國有7億畝丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)田，6000多萬畝設(shè)施農(nóng)地，這些地方，一般農(nóng)機(jī)難以到達(dá)，一直都是提升農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化率的短板和卡點。發(fā)展設(shè)施種植是保障“菜籃子”產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)、促進(jìn)農(nóng)民增收和鄉(xiāng)村振興的有效途徑,設(shè)施裝備和機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)是設(shè)施種植高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的重要支撐。因此，國家給予高度重視。將“建設(shè)一批主要農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)、規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖和設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)全程機(jī)械化示范縣，打造一批農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝融合高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)用基地， 集成推廣全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)先進(jìn)適用裝備”作為具體措施。據(jù)“十四五”全國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展規(guī)劃制定的目標(biāo)：2025年，設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化水平達(dá)到50%以上。
 
　　今年農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部發(fā)布的2022年中央一號文件提出：要加快大馬力機(jī)械、丘陵山區(qū)和設(shè)施園藝小型機(jī)械、高端智能機(jī)械研發(fā)制造并納入國家重點研發(fā)計劃予以長期穩(wěn)定支持。開展農(nóng)機(jī)研發(fā)制造推廣應(yīng)用一體化試點。加快發(fā)展設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)。因地制宜發(fā)展塑料大棚、日光溫室、連棟溫室等設(shè)施。
 
　　但當(dāng)前我國設(shè)施種植機(jī)化已從起步轉(zhuǎn)入加快發(fā)展的新階段，但距產(chǎn)業(yè)需求還有較大差距。由于以蔬菜為代表的設(shè)施種植特殊性、復(fù)雜性等原因，導(dǎo)致當(dāng)前或今后一個較長時期內(nèi)，仍會普遍存在“ 無機(jī)可用、無好機(jī)用、有機(jī)難用”即所謂“三機(jī)并存”的現(xiàn)象。
 
　　日前，山東省青島市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局出臺《關(guān)于加快推進(jìn)設(shè)施種植機(jī)械化發(fā)展的指導(dǎo)意見》，提出到2025年全市設(shè)施種植機(jī)械化水平總體達(dá)到60%以上?！吨笇?dǎo)意見》重點圍繞加快老舊設(shè)施結(jié)構(gòu)改造、機(jī)藝融合技術(shù)推廣、設(shè)施智能裝備應(yīng)用、社會化服務(wù)體系建設(shè)等五方面內(nèi)容，提出了系列保障措施。通過加強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，加強(qiáng)重大事項的協(xié)調(diào)配合；強(qiáng)化政策支持，加大農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼支持力度，擴(kuò)大設(shè)施裝備補(bǔ)貼試點范圍，積極探索成套設(shè)施裝備補(bǔ)貼路徑；強(qiáng)化示范引領(lǐng)，支持設(shè)施種植生產(chǎn)主體聯(lián)合建設(shè)試驗示范基地，開展試驗示范、宜機(jī)化設(shè)施技術(shù)推廣和實用人才培訓(xùn)工作。下一步，青島市農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣中心將全面貫徹落實《意見》要求，分產(chǎn)業(yè)、分區(qū)域、分品種、分環(huán)節(jié)推進(jìn)設(shè)施種植農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝融合，系統(tǒng)性提升設(shè)施種植關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)機(jī)械化水平，推動設(shè)施種植機(jī)械化全程全面高質(zhì)高效發(fā)展。
 
　　近日，中共北京市委北京市人民政府印發(fā)《關(guān)于做好2022年全面推進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村振興重點工作的實施方案》的通知。提出將在通州區(qū)、大興區(qū)、房山區(qū)、順義區(qū)等建設(shè)智能連棟溫室，打造高效設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)片區(qū)。制定農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化行動方案。推進(jìn)智能農(nóng)機(jī)裝備示范應(yīng)用，打造3個農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人應(yīng)用場景，創(chuàng)建1個設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)全程機(jī)械化示范區(qū)。設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化率達(dá)到43.5%。
 
　　不論是丘陵山地，還是設(shè)施農(nóng)地，提升農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化水平的需求，都尤為迫切。據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)業(yè)農(nóng)村部南京農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化研究所農(nóng)業(yè)資源開發(fā)與設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)工程技術(shù)中心主任陳永生介紹，到2021年，全國設(shè)施農(nóng)地中，綜合機(jī)械化水平為43%，但種和收格外薄弱，只有10%-20%。他認(rèn)為，在設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)適用的機(jī)械化推進(jìn)中，不僅需要更多的力量參與研發(fā)，更需要研推用一體化的思維，在研發(fā)、推廣和應(yīng)用方面，共同發(fā)力。
 
　　注：本文由農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)(m.tmpdc.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部、青島市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局、首都之窗、新京報。
 

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