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凝心聚力 加快秦巴山區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展

2022-11-17 09:41:50 來源：陜西省農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展中心 閱讀量：14434 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：近年來，市農(nóng)機(jī)部門積極探索丘陵山區(qū)糧油全程機(jī)械化可復(fù)制、可推廣的技術(shù)模式，大力示范推廣了陜南地域特色的水稻、油菜耕種收機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)和裝備。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】陜西省漢中市以丘陵山區(qū)為主，平壩占面積較少，地處長江上游，氣候適宜，雨量充沛，是全省優(yōu)質(zhì)水稻、油菜的重要生產(chǎn)基地。長期以來，漢中市平壩區(qū)域機(jī)械化程度較高，丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)作物機(jī)械化水平低，生產(chǎn)成本居高不下。近年來，市農(nóng)機(jī)部門積極探索丘陵山區(qū)糧油全程機(jī)械化可復(fù)制、可推廣的技術(shù)模式，大力示范推廣了陜南地域特色的水稻、油菜耕種收機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)和裝備，有效提升了丘陵山區(qū)糧油生產(chǎn)能力，丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化呈現(xiàn)出喜人的新景象。
 
市農(nóng)機(jī)中心在佛坪縣開展山區(qū)適用農(nóng)機(jī)選型培訓(xùn)
 
　　一、聚焦短板，全力推進(jìn)丘陵山區(qū)稻油全程機(jī)械化。漢中市丘陵山區(qū)耕地面積大，占全市總耕地面積的65%。近年來，市縣農(nóng)機(jī)部門圍繞水稻、小麥、油菜機(jī)播、機(jī)收、烘干等薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，因地制宜，加快推廣了丘陵山區(qū)水稻機(jī)械化育插秧、油菜機(jī)播、機(jī)收、烘干、農(nóng)作物秸稈機(jī)械化綜合利用等技術(shù)。結(jié)合漢中農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)實(shí)際，市縣農(nóng)機(jī)人員深入基層，分區(qū)域開展技術(shù)培訓(xùn)、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀摩、抓點(diǎn)示范，選型選配、推薦了一批動(dòng)力機(jī)械、小型耕整地、播種、收獲、烘干等適宜丘陵山區(qū)作業(yè)機(jī)具。針對(duì)丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)裝備不足，積極出臺(tái)了丘陵山區(qū)糧油生產(chǎn)薄弱短板機(jī)具累加補(bǔ)貼政策。充分調(diào)動(dòng)了農(nóng)戶購置農(nóng)機(jī)積極性，截至目前，全市2022年已使用中央財(cái)政購置補(bǔ)貼與應(yīng)用資金1418萬元，補(bǔ)貼機(jī)具3515臺(tái)套，且還有1200萬資金缺口，2700余臺(tái)套機(jī)具亟待補(bǔ)貼。留壩、佛坪、鎮(zhèn)巴、略陽、寧強(qiáng)5個(gè)山區(qū)縣，僅2022年引進(jìn)山區(qū)作業(yè)的中小型履帶式、輪式拖拉機(jī)、稻麥聯(lián)合收割機(jī)、玉米收獲機(jī)150余臺(tái)，手扶式、乘坐式水稻插秧機(jī)15臺(tái)，房式及塔式谷物烘干機(jī)5臺(tái)，微耕機(jī)、旋耕機(jī)、小麥(油菜)播種機(jī)、開溝機(jī)、油(麥)脫粒機(jī)、秸稈粉碎機(jī)、打捆(包)機(jī)等其他機(jī)具1500多臺(tái)。其中：鎮(zhèn)巴、略陽、留壩、佛坪等縣引進(jìn)了手扶式、乘坐式水稻插秧機(jī)和中小型稻麥?zhǔn)崭顧C(jī)，通過試驗(yàn)示范、機(jī)手作業(yè)培訓(xùn)，中小型插秧機(jī)、收割機(jī)在山區(qū)小田塊作業(yè)效率高、效果好，適宜推廣應(yīng)用，填補(bǔ)了我市山區(qū)稻油機(jī)插、機(jī)收空白；鎮(zhèn)巴、略陽縣依托企業(yè)建成糧油全程機(jī)械化示范基地2個(gè)，該基地建設(shè)有小型工廠化育秧中心、烘干廠及加工廠，實(shí)現(xiàn)了耕、種、管、收、烘干、加工環(huán)節(jié)全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)。
 
鎮(zhèn)巴縣開展水稻機(jī)械化育秧作業(yè)
 
留壩縣開展水稻機(jī)插作業(yè)觀摩培訓(xùn)
 
留壩玉皇廟鎮(zhèn)石窖壩村機(jī)播油菜
 
寧強(qiáng)縣水稻機(jī)收暨秸稈機(jī)械化粉碎還田作業(yè)
 
寧強(qiáng)縣玉米機(jī)收暨秸稈機(jī)械化粉碎還田作業(yè)
 
　　二、主動(dòng)作為，不斷完善丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)社會(huì)化服務(wù)體系建設(shè)。今年，鎮(zhèn)巴縣、佛坪縣、留壩縣等縣為提高糧油生產(chǎn)效率，降低減少成本，及時(shí)組織成立了村集體或鎮(zhèn)辦農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)隊(duì)、農(nóng)機(jī)合作社等服務(wù)組織，實(shí)現(xiàn)丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)社會(huì)化服務(wù)零突破。其中：鎮(zhèn)巴縣印發(fā)了《防災(zāi)抗災(zāi)減災(zāi)機(jī)械化能力提升建設(shè)實(shí)施方案》，拿出200萬資金進(jìn)行扶持獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，鼓勵(lì)鎮(zhèn)辦建成綜合農(nóng)事服務(wù)中心，組建農(nóng)機(jī)應(yīng)急作業(yè)服務(wù)隊(duì)，提升應(yīng)對(duì)水澇、干旱、秋霖、病蟲害、霉變搶收等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)災(zāi)害的能力。佛坪縣從鄉(xiāng)村振興整合銜接資金中列出140萬元，為全縣7個(gè)鎮(zhèn)辦統(tǒng)一配置機(jī)具、培訓(xùn)考試機(jī)手組建了農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)隊(duì),并在長角壩鎮(zhèn)教場(chǎng)壩村新建了規(guī)范化機(jī)具庫棚，規(guī)范了生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營行為，為周邊村鎮(zhèn)提供耕、旋、開溝、播種、起壟、收獲、運(yùn)輸以及加工等農(nóng)機(jī)社會(huì)化服務(wù)作業(yè)，充分發(fā)揮農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)隊(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中搶農(nóng)時(shí)、抗災(zāi)害、奪豐收的作用，提高農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械效率和農(nóng)機(jī)化社會(huì)化服務(wù)水平。留壩縣積極成立了7家涉及糧油作物的農(nóng)機(jī)社會(huì)化服務(wù)組織，通過公司化運(yùn)營，在全縣糧食耕種生產(chǎn)中能及時(shí)給農(nóng)戶提供代耕、代種、代收作業(yè)服務(wù)。
 
佛坪縣教場(chǎng)壩村益愛耘農(nóng)機(jī)合作社機(jī)庫
 
　　下一步，漢中市將加大丘陵山區(qū)水稻機(jī)械化育(供)秧中心建設(shè)，持續(xù)落實(shí)好農(nóng)機(jī)購置與應(yīng)用累加補(bǔ)貼政策，根據(jù)中省農(nóng)機(jī)化業(yè)務(wù)單位公布的丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)裝備目錄，定期遴選推薦一批小型化、投資小、實(shí)用性強(qiáng)的適宜丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)裝備。加強(qiáng)與農(nóng)機(jī)化科研單位、農(nóng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠家合作，并借助中省農(nóng)機(jī)化部門將建立丘陵山區(qū)油菜農(nóng)機(jī)裝備熟化應(yīng)用基地的機(jī)遇，示范引領(lǐng)，打造一批丘陵山區(qū)水稻、油菜全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)示范點(diǎn)，以點(diǎn)帶面，進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)全市丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展。

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