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山東省農(nóng)機技術(shù)推廣站開展黃淮海地區(qū)夏玉米（大豆）播種質(zhì)量監(jiān)測測產(chǎn)活動

2023-10-21 11:00:20 來源：山東省農(nóng)機技術(shù)推廣站 閱讀量：13676 評論

導(dǎo)讀：為加快推進高性能播種機示范推廣，山東省將機械化播種質(zhì)量監(jiān)測活動與本年度糧油綠色高質(zhì)高效項目相結(jié)合，在5個縣試驗示范面積均超過1000畝。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】10月7至12日，為貫徹落實農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部《關(guān)于進一步做好機械化播種質(zhì)量提升工作通知》要求和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部機械化管理司《關(guān)于組織開展黃淮海地區(qū)夏玉米(大豆)機械化播種作業(yè)質(zhì)量對比監(jiān)測的函》(農(nóng)機科〔2023〕50號)、山東省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳《關(guān)于開展夏玉米(大豆)機械化播種作業(yè)質(zhì)量對比監(jiān)測等工作的通知》文件精神，山東省農(nóng)業(yè)機械技術(shù)推廣站與山東理工大學(xué)組成專家技術(shù)指導(dǎo)組，聯(lián)合有關(guān)市及所屬縣(市區(qū))農(nóng)機推廣部門、新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體，根據(jù)各地玉米成熟情況和作業(yè)條件，在商河、禹城、桓臺、寒亭、汶上5個縣(市區(qū))進行夏玉米(大豆)機械化播種質(zhì)量監(jiān)測測產(chǎn)活動，獲取玉米、大豆產(chǎn)量第一手數(shù)據(jù)，為推動糧油作物大面積單產(chǎn)提升和減損機收提供技術(shù)與裝備支撐。
 
　　為加快推進高性能播種機示范推廣，我省將機械化播種質(zhì)量監(jiān)測活動與本年度糧油綠色高質(zhì)高效項目相結(jié)合，在5個縣試驗示范面積均超過1000畝。本次測產(chǎn)活動對采用勺輪式、指夾式和氣吸式播種機在(5±1)km/h、(7±1)km/h和(9±1)km/h作業(yè)速度下的對比試驗玉米(大豆)種植地塊(T1～T9)進行實收測產(chǎn)。玉米品種以登海系列為主，理論播量為4400～5000株/畝，大豆品種為齊黃34，理論播量12000株/畝。省農(nóng)機技術(shù)推廣站組織有關(guān)專家按照部農(nóng)機化總站和我省高產(chǎn)田測產(chǎn)辦法，對示范基地的對比試驗田進行隨機選點、現(xiàn)場采收、數(shù)畝株數(shù)、株粒數(shù)、脫粒、稱重、水分測定等環(huán)節(jié)進行測產(chǎn)，詳細記錄高性能播種機和傳統(tǒng)播種機在不同作業(yè)速度下產(chǎn)量數(shù)據(jù)，同時為種植大戶全程提供技術(shù)指導(dǎo)。
 
　　通過試驗數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果對比分析，整體來看，不同地區(qū)和不同作業(yè)速度的氣吸式播種機和高性能指夾式播種機的出苗率、株距合格率以及苗高一致性、作業(yè)效率、實收產(chǎn)量等優(yōu)于勺輪式和傳統(tǒng)指夾式播種機。其中氣吸式播種機作業(yè)效率和畝產(chǎn)量均高于勺輪式和指夾式，作業(yè)效率最高為30.8畝/h，比勺輪式、指夾式播種機分別高43.2%、32.8%；玉米產(chǎn)量為853.73kg，比勺輪式、指夾式播種機作業(yè)地塊分別高7.74%、5.17%。
 
　　試驗證明，氣吸式播種機作業(yè)地塊的畝產(chǎn)量高于勺輪式和指夾式播種機，且產(chǎn)量穩(wěn)定，勺輪式適合低速作業(yè)，指夾式適合中速作業(yè)，氣吸式適合中高速作業(yè)。在玉米機械化生產(chǎn)上，建議加快推廣氣吸式和指夾式玉米播種機，進一步提高主要糧油作物機械化播種質(zhì)量，促進單產(chǎn)量水平大面積提高。

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