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2024年農(nóng)機(jī)猜想之六：果蔬生產(chǎn)加工機(jī)械化快速發(fā)展？

2024-01-15 11:00:11 來(lái)源：總站信息處 閱讀量：14898 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)機(jī)化總站征集2023年果蔬初加工機(jī)械化典型案例，并于年底擇優(yōu)遴選了2大類18個(gè)果蔬初加工機(jī)械化典型案例進(jìn)行網(wǎng)上公示。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 市場(chǎng)行情】2024年的中央一號(hào)文件雖尚未發(fā)布，但其內(nèi)容與千萬(wàn)工程有關(guān)已經(jīng)確定。為了落實(shí)千萬(wàn)工程中的千村示范項(xiàng)目，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)機(jī)化總站征集2023年果蔬初加工機(jī)械化典型案例，并于年底擇優(yōu)遴選了2大類18個(gè)果蔬初加工機(jī)械化典型案例進(jìn)行網(wǎng)上公示。個(gè)人猜想，2024年果蔬生產(chǎn)加工機(jī)械化將迎來(lái)快速發(fā)展。
 
　　1、農(nóng)業(yè)全程和全面機(jī)械化的一部分
 
　　我們常講農(nóng)業(yè)全程機(jī)械化和農(nóng)業(yè)全面機(jī)械化，其中農(nóng)業(yè)全程機(jī)械化是指從產(chǎn)前的種子加工和土壤處理，產(chǎn)中的耕耙播管收，到產(chǎn)后的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貯運(yùn)和加工的全過(guò)程機(jī)械化，也可以稱為從田間到餐桌的全程機(jī)械化；農(nóng)業(yè)全面機(jī)械化是指大農(nóng)業(yè)概念下的農(nóng)林牧漁加等大食物和大農(nóng)機(jī)概念，各種農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)加工全面實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械化。
 
　　果蔬生產(chǎn)加工機(jī)械化只是農(nóng)業(yè)全程和全面機(jī)械化中，一個(gè)小小的組成部分，但卻是關(guān)系到農(nóng)民增收致富的重要環(huán)節(jié)，也是為建設(shè)和將來(lái)維護(hù)美好鄉(xiāng)村提供資金的重要來(lái)源。
 
　　2、果蔬生產(chǎn)加工機(jī)械化的重要性
 
　　長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，農(nóng)民增收致富是個(gè)大難題，其中農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格低是主要原因。要想提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格，就要首先提升農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)加工機(jī)械化是提升農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)值的重要途徑和手段。
 
　　糧食提價(jià)不但受國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)量和消費(fèi)水平的制約，而且受國(guó)際糧價(jià)的限制，因此糧食價(jià)格受到剛性限制。而果蔬由于有保鮮要求，以及與時(shí)令有關(guān)系，相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)通過(guò)機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)和加工，提升了果蔬的品質(zhì)，價(jià)格提升空間比較大。
 
　　另外，一般果蔬生產(chǎn)區(qū)域處于丘陵山區(qū)的比較多，而丘陵山區(qū)普遍比較貧困，鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)和實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化的資金缺乏。推進(jìn)丘陵山區(qū)果蔬生產(chǎn)加工機(jī)械化，提升當(dāng)?shù)毓弋a(chǎn)品價(jià)值，可以為當(dāng)?shù)剜l(xiāng)村建設(shè)和實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化提供資金來(lái)源。
 
　　3、果蔬生產(chǎn)加工機(jī)械化主要機(jī)械及補(bǔ)貼數(shù)量
 
　　果蔬生產(chǎn)加工機(jī)械化主要機(jī)械裝備包括的品種很多，但從目前購(gòu)置補(bǔ)貼品種和數(shù)量看，種植方面?zhèn)€別省區(qū)有蔬菜播種機(jī)和移栽機(jī)補(bǔ)貼，但數(shù)量有限，尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)嫁接機(jī)器人等復(fù)雜農(nóng)機(jī)裝備的補(bǔ)貼。
 
　　蔬菜和水果收獲機(jī)械由于品種和機(jī)構(gòu)比較多，因此種類也很多，但目前補(bǔ)貼的除茶葉收獲機(jī)械比較多以外，蔬菜收獲機(jī)有大蒜、瓜籽、辣椒和葉菜類收獲機(jī)，水果收獲機(jī)有干堅(jiān)果和大棗收獲機(jī)都是個(gè)別省區(qū)有補(bǔ)貼。從數(shù)量看，這兩年除山東省有一年補(bǔ)貼大蒜收獲機(jī)2000多臺(tái)外，其他品種全國(guó)合計(jì)最多的也不足1000臺(tái)，少的甚至只有10多臺(tái)。
 
　　我國(guó)目前補(bǔ)貼的水果蔬菜初加工機(jī)械，主要以果蔬干燥機(jī)居多，全年補(bǔ)貼數(shù)量在4萬(wàn)臺(tái)以上，其次為冷藏保鮮庫(kù)全年在2000多臺(tái)。
 
　　其他雖然有的數(shù)量比較多，但均為個(gè)別省區(qū)補(bǔ)貼品種。例如，安徽2023年補(bǔ)貼山核桃脫脯機(jī)8000多臺(tái)，浙江補(bǔ)貼山核桃香榧脫脯機(jī)3800臺(tái)，江西補(bǔ)貼蓮子剝殼機(jī)2200多臺(tái)，安徽補(bǔ)貼竹筍剝皮機(jī)1300多臺(tái)。雖然這些省區(qū)補(bǔ)貼數(shù)量較大，但其他省區(qū)有補(bǔ)貼的很少。
 
　　另外，像果蔬分級(jí)機(jī)、果蔬清洗機(jī)和水果打蠟機(jī)，雖然補(bǔ)貼的省區(qū)比較多，但數(shù)量都不大。
 
　　4、果蔬生產(chǎn)加工機(jī)械化將獲得快速發(fā)展
 
　　由于果蔬生產(chǎn)加工機(jī)械化所需機(jī)械裝備品種繁多，結(jié)構(gòu)差異很大，各省區(qū)差別也很大，不可能制訂全國(guó)性的補(bǔ)貼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，各省區(qū)應(yīng)根據(jù)本地實(shí)際情況，積極推進(jìn)適合自身發(fā)展的果蔬機(jī)械化品種，為農(nóng)民增收致富做貢獻(xiàn)。
 
　　結(jié)論：2024年，利益于鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)提速，特別是千萬(wàn)工程示范項(xiàng)目將會(huì)比較多，這些項(xiàng)目中，果蔬生產(chǎn)加工機(jī)械化所占比例會(huì)比較大，因此將會(huì)得到快速發(fā)展。

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