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農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)：土地是根基 耕地保護(hù)刻不容緩

2016-09-20 08:35:10 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量：17574 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：土地是人類賴以生存發(fā)展的根基,我國本就人多地少，土地總體質(zhì)量不高，再加上近年來隨著現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展，不少耕地被征用，土地污染嚴(yán)重，可用耕地正在逐漸減少，土地供需矛盾突出，耕地保護(hù)可謂刻不容緩。

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 行業(yè)要聞】土地是人類賴以生存發(fā)展的根基,我國本就人多地少，土地總體質(zhì)量不高，再加上近年來隨著現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展，不少耕地被征用，土地污染嚴(yán)重，可用耕地正在逐漸減少，土地供需矛盾突出，耕地保護(hù)可謂刻不容緩。
　　
　　這幾年來，面對(duì)日益嚴(yán)峻的耕地形式，國家對(duì)耕地的保護(hù)日漸重視,相繼出臺(tái)了不少政策制度支持耕地保護(hù)。
　　
　　農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)：土地是根基 耕地保護(hù)刻不容緩

        落實(shí)耕地保護(hù) 獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)政策來出力
　　
　　很多事物都有這樣一個(gè)特性，那就是“破壞容易，重建難”，耕地也是如此，在保護(hù)耕地的過程中，需要多方出力，統(tǒng)籌兼顧。耕地保護(hù)補(bǔ)貼及相關(guān)獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)制度的出現(xiàn)，就是在維護(hù)各方利益的基礎(chǔ)上使耕地得到有效保護(hù)。
　　
　　例如，浙江永康為有效落實(shí)耕地保護(hù)共同責(zé)任機(jī)制，制定出臺(tái)了《永康市耕地保護(hù)獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)機(jī)制實(shí)施辦法》。《辦法》將使承擔(dān)耕地保護(hù)任務(wù)的鎮(zhèn)（街、區(qū)）、農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織和農(nóng)戶能從保護(hù)耕地和基本農(nóng)田中獲得長期的、穩(wěn)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)收益，使永康市耕地和基本農(nóng)田能得到切實(shí)有效保護(hù)。
　　
　　耕地保護(hù)獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)機(jī)制讓更多人參與到保護(hù)土地資源、不違章占用土地的隊(duì)伍中來，相關(guān)補(bǔ)貼的發(fā)放，讓耕地從眾多的利益關(guān)系中掙脫出來，切實(shí)得到保護(hù)。雖說“無利不起早”有時(shí)太過現(xiàn)實(shí)，但很實(shí)用不是嗎？當(dāng)然有獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，自然也有硬性規(guī)定，我國多地都給耕地劃了“紅線”，明確規(guī)定耕地的保有量。
　　
　　耕地保護(hù)嚴(yán)守“紅線”
　　
　　俗話說，凡事都有底線，耕地?cái)?shù)量自然也不例外。根據(jù)不同的人口資源，我國許多地方都給耕地限制了數(shù)量。從另一方面講，在耕地保護(hù)的過程中，有目標(biāo)，有底線，才更有動(dòng)力，才不會(huì)出差錯(cuò)。
　　
　　湖南省國土資源廳發(fā)布《湖南省“十三五”國土資源發(fā)展規(guī)劃》（以下簡稱《規(guī)劃》）?！兑?guī)劃》提出，到2020年，湖南省耕地保有量不得少于5956萬畝，基本農(nóng)田面積不得低于4945萬畝，建設(shè)占用耕地規(guī)模不得突破60萬畝。湖南省將扎緊耕地保護(hù)的“籬笆”，實(shí)行嚴(yán)格耕地保護(hù)制度。
　　
　　這些政策制度的支持，使耕地的數(shù)量得到有效的保護(hù)和控制，那么耕地質(zhì)量的保護(hù)又要從何入手呢？
　　
　　農(nóng)機(jī)深松提高耕地質(zhì)量
　　
　　現(xiàn)如今，農(nóng)民種地往往會(huì)忽視養(yǎng)地，土壤在這種情況下耕層逐年變薄，有機(jī)質(zhì)含量下降，這使農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展面臨重大挑戰(zhàn)。據(jù)專家介紹，開成1厘米厚的土層要需很長的時(shí)間。所以，要解決這些問題，一項(xiàng)重要措施就是建立科學(xué)合理的土壤耕作制度，擴(kuò)大深松面積，減少耕地的風(fēng)蝕、水蝕。
　　
　　可喜的是機(jī)械化的發(fā)展，給土地深松帶來極大的便利。我國多數(shù)地區(qū)都在開展農(nóng)機(jī)深松整地技術(shù)推廣。正如,新疆吉木薩爾縣實(shí)施“互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 農(nóng)機(jī)深松”，這不僅推廣了一種耕作技術(shù)，其鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新的理念，善于破題的智慧，以及推動(dòng)農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展的放大效應(yīng)值得更多人借鑒。
　　
　　結(jié)語 ：近年來，為發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)的需要，越來越多的土地被征用，越來越多的土地失去了耕作價(jià)值，使我國本就地少人多的現(xiàn)實(shí)國情更加嚴(yán)峻，因此，保護(hù)耕地成為我國迫在眉睫的任務(wù)，是我們每一位從農(nóng)者都應(yīng)該承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。隨著農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化的發(fā)展及深松技術(shù)的推廣，耕地質(zhì)量保護(hù)取得明顯效益，為農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。

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