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未來我國農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展有望更為均衡化

2022-10-14 09:00:57 來源:農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:22199 評論

導(dǎo)讀:在增速有所調(diào)整的同時,部分短板領(lǐng)域有望迎來新的發(fā)展機(jī)遇,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)整體更為均衡的發(fā)展。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 市場行情】近十年以來,我國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化取得了長足發(fā)展。近日,中國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化協(xié)會召開專題座談會,暢談我國農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展成就。自2013年以來近十年間,我國農(nóng)機(jī)總量合理增加,裝備結(jié)構(gòu)持續(xù)優(yōu)化,主要作物生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化加快推進(jìn),綜合機(jī)械化率不斷提升。
 
  2021年全國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械總動力達(dá)到10.78億千瓦,相較2012年增長5.17%。拖拉機(jī)保有量2173.06萬臺、配套農(nóng)具4022.93萬部,其中大、中型拖拉機(jī)保有量分別為74.31萬臺、407.93萬臺。從拖拉機(jī)數(shù)量上來看,相較于2012年拖拉機(jī)總數(shù)略有下降,主要原因在于我國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化已經(jīng)進(jìn)入到穩(wěn)定發(fā)展期,大馬力、多功能、高性能的大型拖拉機(jī)(55.8kW以上)增長迅速,由2012年的50.8萬臺上升到2021年的143.66萬臺,占拖拉機(jī)總數(shù)的比例由2.23%上升到6.61%。
 
  農(nóng)業(yè)裝備結(jié)構(gòu)持續(xù)優(yōu)化,農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的產(chǎn)品種類由主要作物的耕種收環(huán)節(jié)向植保、秸稈處理、烘干等全程延伸,從糧食作物向棉油糖等經(jīng)濟(jì)作物,由種植業(yè)向養(yǎng)殖業(yè)、加工業(yè)拓展。在糧食作物生產(chǎn)方面,農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械總量保持較快增長,2021年稻麥聯(lián)合收割機(jī)玉米聯(lián)合收割機(jī)、水稻插秧機(jī)、谷物烘干機(jī)保有量分別達(dá)162.72萬臺、61.06萬臺、96.32萬臺、14.42萬臺,相較于2012年分別增長55.64%、162.06%、87.76%、300.56%。在果蔬茶等經(jīng)濟(jì)作物生產(chǎn)方面,機(jī)械化發(fā)展也取得顯著成效(表2),其中甜菜、棉花、蔬菜、茶葉作物收獲機(jī)數(shù)量在2012年基礎(chǔ)上達(dá)到數(shù)倍增長。在畜牧水產(chǎn)方面,畜牧養(yǎng)殖、水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖機(jī)械化率分別達(dá)到38.50%、33.50%,機(jī)械保有量分別從2012年的661.70萬臺、348.78萬臺增長到2021年的811.00萬臺、479.50萬臺,分別增加22.56%、37.48%。
 
  在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品初加工方面,2021年農(nóng)產(chǎn)品初加工機(jī)械化率達(dá)到41.64%,除棉花以外各類主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品初加工機(jī)械數(shù)量保持穩(wěn)步增長態(tài)勢,農(nóng)產(chǎn)品初加工機(jī)械數(shù)量從2012年的1316.74萬臺增長至2021年的1571.99萬臺,增長19.38個百分點(diǎn)。
 
  此外,機(jī)械化信息化融合發(fā)展加快,自動駕駛拖拉機(jī)、無人插秧機(jī)、植保無人飛機(jī)等智能農(nóng)機(jī)裝備擴(kuò)大推廣應(yīng)用,補(bǔ)貼購置植保無人飛機(jī)1.3萬架,支持安裝農(nóng)業(yè)用北斗終端近2.3萬臺套,農(nóng)機(jī)裝備結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化。
 
  主要作物生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化加快推進(jìn),綜合機(jī)械化率不斷提升三大主糧作物生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化率進(jìn)一步提高,其中小麥耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率由2012年的93%提高到2021年的97%,水稻耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率由2012年的67%提高到2021年的86%,玉米耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率由2012年的75%提高到90%,分別提高4.6個百分點(diǎn)、27.75個百分點(diǎn)、20.10個百分點(diǎn)。同時薄弱環(huán)節(jié)的機(jī)械化水平加快突破,水稻種植機(jī)械化率達(dá)56.30%,玉米收獲機(jī)械化率達(dá)78.67%。在經(jīng)濟(jì)作物方面,油菜、馬鈴薯、花生、棉花的耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率也突破了50%,分別達(dá)到61.92%、50.76%、65.65%、87.25%,實(shí)現(xiàn)了從人畜力作業(yè)為主向機(jī)械作業(yè)為主的歷史性跨越。
 
  目前,主要農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率已經(jīng)達(dá)到72.03%,標(biāo)志著我國農(nóng)機(jī)化進(jìn)入了平穩(wěn)發(fā)展階段,在增速有所調(diào)整的同時,部分短板領(lǐng)域有望迎來新的發(fā)展機(jī)遇,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)整體更為均衡的發(fā)展。
 
  注:本文由農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)(m.tmpdc.cn)整理發(fā)布,數(shù)據(jù)來源:《中國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械工業(yè)年鑒》、《2021年全國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展統(tǒng)計公報》。
 
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